
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (* PI (/ 1.0 s)))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) * (1.0f / s))))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / s))))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) * (single(1.0) / s))))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
clear-num98.8%
associate-/r/98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (/ (* u PI) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * ((u * ((float) M_PI)) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \frac{u \cdot \pi}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
expm1-log1p-u24.3%
expm1-undefine14.0%
Applied egg-rr14.0%
Simplified14.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
associate-*r*24.8%
neg-mul-124.8%
log1p-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (+ (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25))) (* PI (* u -0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))) + (((float) M_PI) * (u * -0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(-0.25))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * ((single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25)))) + (single(pi) * (u * single(-0.25)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right) + \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.8%
associate--r+10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
associate-*r*10.8%
distribute-rgt-out10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
associate-*l*10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (* PI -4.0) (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * -4.0f) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-4.0)) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * single(-4.0)) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\pi \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
expm1-log1p-u24.3%
expm1-undefine14.0%
Applied egg-rr14.0%
Simplified14.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.8%
associate-*r*10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.8%
associate--r+10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
associate-*r*10.8%
distribute-rgt-out10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
associate-*l*10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 10.8%
+-commutative10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
unsub-neg10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
Simplified10.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* PI (* u 2.0)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (((float) M_PI) * (u * 2.0f)) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(pi) * (u * single(2.0))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 2\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.8%
associate--r+10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
associate-*r*10.8%
distribute-rgt-out10.8%
metadata-eval10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
associate-*l*10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.8%
neg-mul-110.8%
+-commutative10.8%
unsub-neg10.8%
associate-*r*10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.7%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024146
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))