
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
(t_1 (sin t_0))
(t_2 (cos t_0))
(t_3
(/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
(t_4
(/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
(t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
(t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
(/
(-
(sqrt
(*
(* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
(+
(+ t_4 t_3)
(sqrt
(+
(pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
(pow
(/
(/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
y-scale)
2.0)))))))
t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
double t_1 = sin(t_0);
double t_2 = cos(t_0);
double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale): t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi t_1 = math.sin(t_0) t_2 = math.cos(t_0) t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a) t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0) return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale) t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi) t_1 = sin(t_0) t_2 = cos(t_0) t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale) t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale) t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a))) t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)) return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6) end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale) t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi; t_1 = sin(t_0); t_2 = cos(t_0); t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale; t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale; t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a); t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0); tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6; end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) + \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
(t_1 (sin t_0))
(t_2 (cos t_0))
(t_3
(/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
(t_4
(/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
(t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
(t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
(/
(-
(sqrt
(*
(* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
(+
(+ t_4 t_3)
(sqrt
(+
(pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
(pow
(/
(/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
y-scale)
2.0)))))))
t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
double t_1 = sin(t_0);
double t_2 = cos(t_0);
double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale): t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi t_1 = math.sin(t_0) t_2 = math.cos(t_0) t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a) t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0) return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale) t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi) t_1 = sin(t_0) t_2 = cos(t_0) t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale) t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale) t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a))) t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)) return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6) end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale) t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi; t_1 = sin(t_0); t_2 = cos(t_0); t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale; t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale; t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a); t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0); tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6; end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) + \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))) (t_1 (cos t_0)))
(if (<= y-scale_m 1.7)
(*
x-scale_m
(hypot
(* a t_1)
(* b (sin (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle (cbrt (pow PI 3.0))))))))
(*
0.25
(*
(* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
(sqrt
(+
(* 2.0 (* (pow a 2.0) (pow (sin t_0) 2.0)))
(* 2.0 (* (pow b 2.0) (pow t_1 2.0))))))))))x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
double t_1 = cos(t_0);
double tmp;
if (y_45_scale_m <= 1.7) {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * hypot((a * t_1), (b * sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * cbrt(pow(((double) M_PI), 3.0)))))));
} else {
tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(((2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) * pow(sin(t_0), 2.0))) + (2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) * pow(t_1, 2.0))))));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * Math.PI);
double t_1 = Math.cos(t_0);
double tmp;
if (y_45_scale_m <= 1.7) {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * Math.hypot((a * t_1), (b * Math.sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * Math.cbrt(Math.pow(Math.PI, 3.0)))))));
} else {
tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * Math.sqrt(8.0)) * Math.sqrt(((2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(Math.sin(t_0), 2.0))) + (2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) * Math.pow(t_1, 2.0))))));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)) t_1 = cos(t_0) tmp = 0.0 if (y_45_scale_m <= 1.7) tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * hypot(Float64(a * t_1), Float64(b * sin(Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * cbrt((pi ^ 3.0)))))))); else tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (sin(t_0) ^ 2.0))) + Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) * (t_1 ^ 2.0))))))); end return tmp end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 1.7], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(b * N[Sin[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * N[Power[N[Power[Pi, 3.0], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_1 := \cos t\_0\\
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 1.7:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(a \cdot t\_1, b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\pi}^{3}}\right)\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin t\_0}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {t\_1}^{2}\right)}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y-scale < 1.69999999999999996Initial program 3.1%
Simplified1.7%
Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0 24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
associate-*l*24.6%
distribute-lft-out24.6%
fma-define24.6%
Simplified24.6%
expm1-log1p-u24.1%
expm1-undefine21.3%
Applied egg-rr21.4%
expm1-define24.2%
associate-*r*24.2%
metadata-eval24.2%
Simplified24.2%
Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0 24.6%
unpow224.6%
unpow224.6%
swap-sqr24.6%
unpow224.6%
unpow224.6%
swap-sqr24.7%
hypot-undefine28.8%
Simplified28.8%
add-cbrt-cube28.8%
pow328.8%
Applied egg-rr28.8%
if 1.69999999999999996 < y-scale Initial program 1.7%
Simplified1.7%
Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0 53.8%
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))))
(if (<= x-scale_m 1.25e-133)
(* 0.25 (* b (* y-scale_m 4.0)))
(* x-scale_m (hypot (* a (cos t_0)) (* t_0 b))))))x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
double tmp;
if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.25e-133) {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * hypot((a * cos(t_0)), (t_0 * b));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * Math.PI);
double tmp;
if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.25e-133) {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * Math.hypot((a * Math.cos(t_0)), (t_0 * b));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale) def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m): t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * math.pi) tmp = 0 if x_45_scale_m <= 1.25e-133: tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)) else: tmp = x_45_scale_m * math.hypot((a * math.cos(t_0)), (t_0 * b)) return tmp
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)) tmp = 0.0 if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.25e-133) tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(b * Float64(y_45_scale_m * 4.0))); else tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * hypot(Float64(a * cos(t_0)), Float64(t_0 * b))); end return tmp end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale); y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale); function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * pi); tmp = 0.0; if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.25e-133) tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)); else tmp = x_45_scale_m * hypot((a * cos(t_0)), (t_0 * b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 1.25e-133], N[(0.25 * N[(b * N[(y$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(t$95$0 * b), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0, t\_0 \cdot b\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x-scale < 1.25e-133Initial program 1.6%
Simplified1.6%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 20.1%
*-commutative20.1%
Simplified20.1%
pow120.1%
associate-*r*20.1%
sqrt-unprod20.3%
metadata-eval20.3%
metadata-eval20.3%
Applied egg-rr20.3%
unpow120.3%
associate-*l*20.3%
Simplified20.3%
if 1.25e-133 < x-scale Initial program 4.6%
Simplified5.0%
Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0 46.7%
mul-1-neg46.7%
associate-*l*46.7%
distribute-lft-out46.7%
fma-define46.7%
Simplified46.7%
expm1-log1p-u46.0%
expm1-undefine42.2%
Applied egg-rr42.3%
expm1-define46.1%
associate-*r*46.1%
metadata-eval46.1%
Simplified46.1%
Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0 46.7%
unpow246.7%
unpow246.7%
swap-sqr46.7%
unpow246.7%
unpow246.7%
swap-sqr46.8%
hypot-undefine52.7%
Simplified52.7%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 51.1%
Final simplification31.7%
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale) y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale) (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= x-scale_m 3e-154) (* 0.25 (* b (* y-scale_m 4.0))) (* x-scale_m (hypot a (* b (sin (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))))))))
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (x_45_scale_m <= 3e-154) {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * hypot(a, (b * sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI))))));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (x_45_scale_m <= 3e-154) {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * Math.hypot(a, (b * Math.sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * Math.PI)))));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale) def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m): tmp = 0 if x_45_scale_m <= 3e-154: tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)) else: tmp = x_45_scale_m * math.hypot(a, (b * math.sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * math.pi))))) return tmp
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0 if (x_45_scale_m <= 3e-154) tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(b * Float64(y_45_scale_m * 4.0))); else tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * hypot(a, Float64(b * sin(Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)))))); end return tmp end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale); y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale); function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0; if (x_45_scale_m <= 3e-154) tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)); else tmp = x_45_scale_m * hypot(a, (b * sin((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * pi))))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 3e-154], N[(0.25 * N[(b * N[(y$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[a ^ 2 + N[(b * N[Sin[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(a, b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x-scale < 3.0000000000000002e-154Initial program 1.0%
Simplified1.0%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 20.0%
*-commutative20.0%
Simplified20.0%
pow120.0%
associate-*r*20.0%
sqrt-unprod20.2%
metadata-eval20.2%
metadata-eval20.2%
Applied egg-rr20.2%
unpow120.2%
associate-*l*20.2%
Simplified20.2%
if 3.0000000000000002e-154 < x-scale Initial program 5.3%
Simplified4.7%
Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0 46.0%
mul-1-neg46.0%
associate-*l*46.0%
distribute-lft-out46.0%
fma-define46.0%
Simplified46.0%
expm1-log1p-u45.4%
expm1-undefine39.9%
Applied egg-rr41.0%
expm1-define46.5%
associate-*r*46.5%
metadata-eval46.5%
Simplified46.5%
Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0 46.1%
unpow246.1%
unpow246.1%
swap-sqr46.1%
unpow246.1%
unpow246.1%
swap-sqr47.1%
hypot-undefine52.7%
Simplified52.7%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 52.4%
Final simplification32.9%
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale) y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale) (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= y-scale_m 950.0) (* x-scale_m a) (* 0.25 (* b (* y-scale_m 4.0)))))
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (y_45_scale_m <= 950.0) {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * a;
} else {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45scale)
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: angle
real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
real(8) :: tmp
if (y_45scale_m <= 950.0d0) then
tmp = x_45scale_m * a
else
tmp = 0.25d0 * (b * (y_45scale_m * 4.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (y_45_scale_m <= 950.0) {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * a;
} else {
tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale) def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m): tmp = 0 if y_45_scale_m <= 950.0: tmp = x_45_scale_m * a else: tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)) return tmp
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0 if (y_45_scale_m <= 950.0) tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * a); else tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(b * Float64(y_45_scale_m * 4.0))); end return tmp end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale); y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale); function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0; if (y_45_scale_m <= 950.0) tmp = x_45_scale_m * a; else tmp = 0.25 * (b * (y_45_scale_m * 4.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 950.0], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(b * N[(y$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 950:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y-scale < 950Initial program 3.1%
Simplified1.7%
Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0 24.5%
mul-1-neg24.5%
associate-*l*24.5%
distribute-lft-out24.5%
fma-define24.5%
Simplified24.5%
expm1-log1p-u24.0%
expm1-undefine21.2%
Applied egg-rr21.3%
expm1-define24.1%
associate-*r*24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
Simplified24.1%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 20.6%
*-commutative20.6%
Simplified20.6%
if 950 < y-scale Initial program 1.7%
Simplified1.8%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 27.0%
*-commutative27.0%
Simplified27.0%
pow127.0%
associate-*r*27.0%
sqrt-unprod27.2%
metadata-eval27.2%
metadata-eval27.2%
Applied egg-rr27.2%
unpow127.2%
associate-*l*27.2%
Simplified27.2%
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale) y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale) (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= a 4e+31) (* y-scale_m b) (* x-scale_m a)))
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (a <= 4e+31) {
tmp = y_45_scale_m * b;
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * a;
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45scale)
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: angle
real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
real(8) :: tmp
if (a <= 4d+31) then
tmp = y_45scale_m * b
else
tmp = x_45scale_m * a
end if
code = tmp
end function
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
double tmp;
if (a <= 4e+31) {
tmp = y_45_scale_m * b;
} else {
tmp = x_45_scale_m * a;
}
return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale) def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m): tmp = 0 if a <= 4e+31: tmp = y_45_scale_m * b else: tmp = x_45_scale_m * a return tmp
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= 4e+31) tmp = Float64(y_45_scale_m * b); else tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * a); end return tmp end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale); y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale); function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = 0.0; if (a <= 4e+31) tmp = y_45_scale_m * b; else tmp = x_45_scale_m * a; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[a, 4e+31], N[(y$45$scale$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+31}:\\
\;\;\;\;y-scale\_m \cdot b\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < 3.9999999999999999e31Initial program 2.5%
Simplified2.6%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 20.1%
*-commutative20.1%
Simplified20.1%
pow120.1%
associate-*r*20.1%
sqrt-unprod20.3%
metadata-eval20.3%
metadata-eval20.3%
Applied egg-rr20.3%
unpow120.3%
associate-*l*20.3%
Simplified20.3%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 20.3%
if 3.9999999999999999e31 < a Initial program 3.2%
Simplified0.1%
Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0 29.2%
mul-1-neg29.2%
associate-*l*29.2%
distribute-lft-out29.2%
fma-define29.2%
Simplified29.2%
expm1-log1p-u29.0%
expm1-undefine29.1%
Applied egg-rr30.5%
expm1-define30.5%
associate-*r*30.5%
metadata-eval30.5%
Simplified30.5%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 26.6%
*-commutative26.6%
Simplified26.6%
Final simplification22.0%
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale) y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale) (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m) :precision binary64 (* y-scale_m b))
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
return y_45_scale_m * b;
}
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45scale)
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: angle
real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
code = y_45scale_m * b
end function
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
return y_45_scale_m * b;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale) def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m): return y_45_scale_m * b
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale) y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale) function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) return Float64(y_45_scale_m * b) end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale); y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale); function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m) tmp = y_45_scale_m * b; end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := N[(y$45$scale$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
y-scale\_m \cdot b
\end{array}
Initial program 2.7%
Simplified2.7%
Taylor expanded in angle around 0 17.5%
*-commutative17.5%
Simplified17.5%
pow117.5%
associate-*r*17.5%
sqrt-unprod17.6%
metadata-eval17.6%
metadata-eval17.6%
Applied egg-rr17.6%
unpow117.6%
associate-*l*17.6%
Simplified17.6%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 17.6%
Final simplification17.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024145
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
:name "a from scale-rotated-ellipse"
:precision binary64
(/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (+ (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))