
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -5.0 (/ (* a (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 7.0)))))
(/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 7.0))))) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-5.0d0) * ((a * (c ** 4.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0))))) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 4.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * math.pow(c, 4.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0))))) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-5.0 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-5.0 * ((a * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))))) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-5.0 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -5 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.6%
associate-*r/98.6%
neg-mul-198.6%
Applied egg-rr98.6%
associate-*r/98.6%
Applied egg-rr98.6%
neg-mul-198.6%
Simplified98.6%
Final simplification98.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (- (/ (* -2.0 (* a (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 5.0)) (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((((-2.0d0) * (a * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (((-2.0 * (a * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * (((-2.0 * (a * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 15.4%
associate-*r/15.4%
associate-*r*15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.1%
neg-mul-198.1%
distribute-frac-neg298.1%
+-commutative98.1%
distribute-frac-neg298.1%
unsub-neg98.1%
mul-1-neg98.1%
unsub-neg98.1%
associate-*r/98.1%
Simplified98.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- (* a (+ (/ 1.0 b) (/ (* c a) (pow b 3.0)))) (/ b c))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((a * ((1.0 / b) + ((c * a) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (b / c));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 1.0d0 / ((a * ((1.0d0 / b) + ((c * a) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (b / c))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((a * ((1.0 / b) + ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (b / c));
}
def code(a, b, c): return 1.0 / ((a * ((1.0 / b) + ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (b / c))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(1.0 / b) + Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(b / c))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 1.0 / ((a * ((1.0 / b) + ((c * a) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (b / c)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(a * N[(N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{b}{c}}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 15.4%
associate-*r/15.4%
associate-*r*15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
clear-num15.4%
inv-pow15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
fma-define15.4%
Applied egg-rr15.4%
unpow-115.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.9%
neg-mul-197.9%
+-commutative97.9%
unsub-neg97.9%
fma-define97.9%
distribute-rgt-out97.9%
metadata-eval97.9%
Simplified97.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.9%
Final simplification97.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ c (* a (pow (/ (- c) b) 2.0))) (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c + (a * ((-c / b) ** 2.0d0))) / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c + (a * Math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c + (a * math.pow((-c / b), 2.0))) / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c + Float64(a * (Float64(Float64(-c) / b) ^ 2.0))) / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c + (a * ((-c / b) ^ 2.0))) / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c + N[(a * N[Power[N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c + a \cdot {\left(\frac{-c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
distribute-neg-frac296.7%
associate-/l*96.7%
Simplified96.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.7%
distribute-lft-out96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
distribute-neg-frac296.7%
Simplified96.7%
fma-undefine96.7%
Applied egg-rr96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (/ (- (* a (/ c b)) b) c)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / (((a * (c / b)) - b) / c);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 1.0d0 / (((a * (c / b)) - b) / c)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / (((a * (c / b)) - b) / c);
}
def code(a, b, c): return 1.0 / (((a * (c / b)) - b) / c)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c / b)) - b) / c)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 1.0 / (((a * (c / b)) - b) / c); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(a * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot \frac{c}{b} - b}{c}}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 15.4%
associate-*r/15.4%
associate-*r*15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
clear-num15.4%
inv-pow15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
fma-define15.4%
Applied egg-rr15.4%
unpow-115.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.6%
neg-mul-196.6%
+-commutative96.6%
unsub-neg96.6%
associate-/l*96.6%
Simplified96.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- (/ a b) (/ b c))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((a / b) - (b / c));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 1.0d0 / ((a / b) - (b / c))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((a / b) - (b / c));
}
def code(a, b, c): return 1.0 / ((a / b) - (b / c))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(a / b) - Float64(b / c))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 1.0 / ((a / b) - (b / c)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b} - \frac{b}{c}}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 15.4%
associate-*r/15.4%
associate-*r*15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
Simplified15.4%
clear-num15.4%
inv-pow15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
fma-define15.4%
Applied egg-rr15.4%
unpow-115.4%
associate-/l*15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.6%
+-commutative96.6%
mul-1-neg96.6%
unsub-neg96.6%
Simplified96.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.6%
associate-*r/92.6%
mul-1-neg92.6%
Simplified92.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
+-commutative15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
unsub-neg15.4%
sqr-neg15.4%
fma-neg15.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
*-commutative15.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in15.4%
metadata-eval15.4%
Simplified15.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.6%
associate-*r/92.6%
mul-1-neg92.6%
Simplified92.6%
distribute-frac-neg92.6%
distribute-frac-neg292.6%
clear-num92.3%
inv-pow92.3%
Applied egg-rr92.3%
unpow-192.3%
distribute-frac-neg92.3%
distribute-frac-neg292.3%
Simplified92.3%
clear-num92.6%
add-sqr-sqrt0.0%
sqrt-unprod1.7%
sqr-neg1.7%
sqrt-unprod1.7%
add-sqr-sqrt1.7%
*-un-lft-identity1.7%
Applied egg-rr1.7%
*-lft-identity1.7%
Simplified1.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024145
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))