VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.6% → 98.9%
Time: 20.4s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ 2.0 (sqrt PI))))
   (* t_0 (* (log (tanh (* 0.25 (* f PI)))) t_0))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = 2.0 / sqrt(((double) M_PI));
	return t_0 * (log(tanh((0.25 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) * t_0);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = 2.0 / Math.sqrt(Math.PI);
	return t_0 * (Math.log(Math.tanh((0.25 * (f * Math.PI)))) * t_0);
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = 2.0 / math.sqrt(math.pi)
	return t_0 * (math.log(math.tanh((0.25 * (f * math.pi)))) * t_0)
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(2.0 / sqrt(pi))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(log(tanh(Float64(0.25 * Float64(f * pi)))) * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = 2.0 / sqrt(pi);
	tmp = t_0 * (log(tanh((0.25 * (f * pi)))) * t_0);
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 / N[Sqrt[Pi], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[Log[N[Tanh[N[(0.25 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac26.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \]
    4. *-lft-identity6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}}{-\frac{\pi}{4}} \]
  3. Simplified6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. log-div6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log 1 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr6.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub06.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{e^{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. *-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    4. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - {\color{blue}{\left(e^{\pi \cdot -0.25}\right)}}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    5. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - \color{blue}{e^{\left(\pi \cdot -0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    6. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.25\right)}\right) \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{\left(-\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    8. distribute-lft-neg-out6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    9. +-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} + {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  8. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. log-prod99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. count-299.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  12. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  13. Applied egg-rr99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}} \]
  14. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} \cdot \left(\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\right) \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{8 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* 8.0 (log (sqrt (tanh (* 0.25 (* f PI)))))) PI))
double code(double f) {
	return (8.0 * log(sqrt(tanh((0.25 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))))) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (8.0 * Math.log(Math.sqrt(Math.tanh((0.25 * (f * Math.PI)))))) / Math.PI;
}
def code(f):
	return (8.0 * math.log(math.sqrt(math.tanh((0.25 * (f * math.pi)))))) / math.pi
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(8.0 * log(sqrt(tanh(Float64(0.25 * Float64(f * pi)))))) / pi)
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (8.0 * log(sqrt(tanh((0.25 * (f * pi)))))) / pi;
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(8.0 * N[Log[N[Sqrt[N[Tanh[N[(0.25 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{8 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac26.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \]
    4. *-lft-identity6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}}{-\frac{\pi}{4}} \]
  3. Simplified6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. log-div6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log 1 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr6.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub06.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{e^{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. *-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    4. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - {\color{blue}{\left(e^{\pi \cdot -0.25}\right)}}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    5. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - \color{blue}{e^{\left(\pi \cdot -0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    6. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.25\right)}\right) \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{\left(-\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    8. distribute-lft-neg-out6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    9. +-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} + {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  8. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. log-prod99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right) + \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. count-299.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  12. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-\color{blue}{2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  14. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  15. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  16. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{8 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{\tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  17. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.0% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \frac{\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* 4.0 (/ (log (tanh (* 0.25 (* f PI)))) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (log(tanh((0.25 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (Math.log(Math.tanh((0.25 * (f * Math.PI)))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return 4.0 * (math.log(math.tanh((0.25 * (f * math.pi)))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(4.0 * Float64(log(tanh(Float64(0.25 * Float64(f * pi)))) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = 4.0 * (log(tanh((0.25 * (f * pi)))) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[Tanh[N[(0.25 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
4 \cdot \frac{\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac26.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}{-\frac{\pi}{4}}} \]
    4. *-lft-identity6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}}{-\frac{\pi}{4}} \]
  3. Simplified6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. log-div6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log 1 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f} - {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f}}{{\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{-4}}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\right)}^{f}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr6.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub06.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(\frac{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    2. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{e^{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    3. *-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}} - {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    4. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - {\color{blue}{\left(e^{\pi \cdot -0.25}\right)}}^{f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    5. exp-prod6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - \color{blue}{e^{\left(\pi \cdot -0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    6. metadata-eval6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.25\right)}\right) \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-in6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{\left(-\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} \cdot f}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    8. distribute-lft-neg-out6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{\color{blue}{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}}{{\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f} + {\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
    9. +-commutative6.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f} - e^{-\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{{\left(e^{f}\right)}^{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)} + {\left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{-0.25}\right)}^{f}}}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  8. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \tanh \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{1}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \tanh \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* (log (/ 4.0 (* f PI))) -4.0) PI))
    double code(double f) {
    	return (log((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))) * -4.0) / ((double) M_PI);
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return (Math.log((4.0 / (f * Math.PI))) * -4.0) / Math.PI;
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return (math.log((4.0 / (f * math.pi))) * -4.0) / math.pi
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))) * -4.0) / pi)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = (log((4.0 / (f * pi))) * -4.0) / pi;
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/94.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr94.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot -4}{\pi}} \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 95.9% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (log (/ 4.0 (* f PI))) (/ -4.0 PI)))
    double code(double f) {
    	return log((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return Math.log((4.0 / (f * Math.PI))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return math.log((4.0 / (f * math.pi))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = log((4.0 / (f * pi))) * (-4.0 / pi);
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 1.6% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{f \cdot \pi}{4}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (log (/ (* f PI) 4.0)) PI)))
    double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 * (log(((f * ((double) M_PI)) / 4.0)) / ((double) M_PI));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((f * Math.PI) / 4.0)) / Math.PI);
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return -4.0 * (math.log(((f * math.pi) / 4.0)) / math.pi)
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(f * pi) / 4.0)) / pi))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(f)
    	tmp = -4.0 * (log(((f * pi) / 4.0)) / pi);
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{f \cdot \pi}{4}\right)}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*94.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    6. Simplified94.8%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{f}}{\pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r*94.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
      2. clear-num94.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
      3. un-div-inv94.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
      4. add-sqr-sqrt0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{-4}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{-4}}}} \]
      5. sqrt-unprod1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{-4} \cdot \frac{\pi}{-4}}}} \]
      6. div-inv1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{-4}\right)} \cdot \frac{\pi}{-4}}} \]
      7. div-inv1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{-4}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{-4}\right)}}} \]
      8. swap-sqr1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{-4} \cdot \frac{1}{-4}\right)}}} \]
      9. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-0.25} \cdot \frac{1}{-4}\right)}} \]
      10. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{-0.25}\right)}} \]
      11. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.0625}}} \]
      12. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot 0.25\right)}}} \]
      13. swap-sqr1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.25\right)}}} \]
      14. sqrt-unprod1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot 0.25} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot 0.25}}} \]
      15. add-sqr-sqrt1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.25}} \]
      16. *-commutative1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \pi}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{0.25 \cdot \pi}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative1.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.25}} \]
    10. Simplified1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi \cdot 0.25}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. frac-2neg1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{-\pi \cdot 0.25}} \]
      2. distribute-frac-neg21.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{-\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi \cdot 0.25}} \]
      3. neg-log1.6%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)}}{\pi \cdot 0.25} \]
      4. clear-num1.6%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{f \cdot \pi}{4}\right)}}{\pi \cdot 0.25} \]
      5. associate-/l*1.6%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}}{\pi \cdot 0.25} \]
      6. *-commutative1.6%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \pi}} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{0.25 \cdot \pi}} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-neg-frac1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{0.25 \cdot \pi}} \]
      2. neg-mul-11.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}}{0.25 \cdot \pi} \]
      3. times-frac1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{0.25} \cdot \frac{\log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      4. metadata-eval1.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4} \cdot \frac{\log \left(f \cdot \frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. associate-*r/1.6%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{f \cdot \pi}{4}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    14. Simplified1.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{f \cdot \pi}{4}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    15. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024145 
    (FPCore (f)
      :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
      :precision binary64
      (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))