Cubic critical, wide range

Percentage Accurate: 17.5% → 99.1%
Time: 19.0s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 23.2×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 17.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)\\ 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left({b}^{2} - {\left(-b\right)}^{2}\right) - t\_0}{b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - t\_0}}}{a} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* c (* a 3.0))))
   (*
    0.3333333333333333
    (/
     (/
      (- (- (pow b 2.0) (pow (- b) 2.0)) t_0)
      (+ b (sqrt (- (pow b 2.0) t_0))))
     a))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = c * (a * 3.0);
	return 0.3333333333333333 * ((((pow(b, 2.0) - pow(-b, 2.0)) - t_0) / (b + sqrt((pow(b, 2.0) - t_0)))) / a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = c * (a * 3.0d0)
    code = 0.3333333333333333d0 * (((((b ** 2.0d0) - (-b ** 2.0d0)) - t_0) / (b + sqrt(((b ** 2.0d0) - t_0)))) / a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = c * (a * 3.0);
	return 0.3333333333333333 * ((((Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(-b, 2.0)) - t_0) / (b + Math.sqrt((Math.pow(b, 2.0) - t_0)))) / a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	t_0 = c * (a * 3.0)
	return 0.3333333333333333 * ((((math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(-b, 2.0)) - t_0) / (b + math.sqrt((math.pow(b, 2.0) - t_0)))) / a)
function code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0))
	return Float64(0.3333333333333333 * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (Float64(-b) ^ 2.0)) - t_0) / Float64(b + sqrt(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - t_0)))) / a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = c * (a * 3.0);
	tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * (((((b ^ 2.0) - (-b ^ 2.0)) - t_0) / (b + sqrt(((b ^ 2.0) - t_0)))) / a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[(-b), 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)\\
0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left({b}^{2} - {\left(-b\right)}^{2}\right) - t\_0}{b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - t\_0}}}{a}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 15.9%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
    2. expm1-undefine10.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(3 \cdot a\right)} - 1}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr10.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(3 \cdot a\right)} - 1}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-define15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Simplified15.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    2. add-exp-log15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}} \]
    3. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 3\right)}}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr15.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. rem-exp-log15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 3}} \]
    2. neg-mul-115.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b} + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    3. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    4. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    5. pow215.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{b}^{2}} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    6. fma-undefine15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}}{a \cdot 3} \]
    7. *-un-lft-identity15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
  10. Applied egg-rr15.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
    2. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    3. times-frac15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a}} \]
    4. metadata-eval15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a} \]
    5. fma-undefine15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}{a} \]
    6. neg-mul-115.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right)} + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}{a} \]
    7. +-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} + \left(-b\right)}}{a} \]
    8. unsub-neg15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}}{a} \]
  12. Simplified15.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a}} \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-neg15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} + \left(-b\right)}}{a} \]
    2. pow215.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} + \left(-b\right)}{a} \]
    3. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right)}} + \left(-b\right)}{a} \]
    4. *-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}} + \left(-b\right)}{a} \]
    5. +-commutative15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
    6. flip-+15.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}}{a} \]
    7. pow215.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(-b\right)}^{2}} - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
    8. add-sqr-sqrt16.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
    9. pow216.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left(\color{blue}{{b}^{2}} - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
    10. *-commutative16.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left({b}^{2} - \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
    11. *-commutative16.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left({b}^{2} - c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]
  14. Applied egg-rr16.3%

    \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(-b\right)}^{2} - \left({b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}}{a} \]
  15. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--r-99.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({\left(-b\right)}^{2} - {b}^{2}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}{a} \]
  16. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left({\left(-b\right)}^{2} - {b}^{2}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}}{a} \]
  17. Final simplification99.2%

    \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left({b}^{2} - {\left(-b\right)}^{2}\right) - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}{b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}{a} \]
  18. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{0.5625}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  c
  (-
   (*
    c
    (*
     a
     (-
      (*
       a
       (* c (- (/ (* -1.0546875 (* c a)) (pow b 7.0)) (/ 0.5625 (pow b 5.0)))))
      (/ 0.375 (pow b 3.0)))))
   (/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c * ((c * (a * ((a * (c * (((-1.0546875 * (c * a)) / pow(b, 7.0)) - (0.5625 / pow(b, 5.0))))) - (0.375 / pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = c * ((c * (a * ((a * (c * ((((-1.0546875d0) * (c * a)) / (b ** 7.0d0)) - (0.5625d0 / (b ** 5.0d0))))) - (0.375d0 / (b ** 3.0d0))))) - (0.5d0 / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c * ((c * (a * ((a * (c * (((-1.0546875 * (c * a)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0)) - (0.5625 / Math.pow(b, 5.0))))) - (0.375 / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return c * ((c * (a * ((a * (c * (((-1.0546875 * (c * a)) / math.pow(b, 7.0)) - (0.5625 / math.pow(b, 5.0))))) - (0.375 / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b))
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0546875 * Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 7.0)) - Float64(0.5625 / (b ^ 5.0))))) - Float64(0.375 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - Float64(0.5 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = c * ((c * (a * ((a * (c * (((-1.0546875 * (c * a)) / (b ^ 7.0)) - (0.5625 / (b ^ 5.0))))) - (0.375 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(c * N[(N[(N[(-1.0546875 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5625 / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.375 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{0.5625}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 15.9%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. metadata-eval15.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  3. Simplified15.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} + c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{c \cdot \left(1.265625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + 5.0625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}\right)}{a \cdot b}\right)\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 6.328125}{b \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{7}} - 0.5625 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right)} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{7}}} - 0.5625 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      2. associate-*r/98.1%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5625 \cdot 1}{{b}^{5}}}\right)\right) - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval98.1%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5625}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    5. Simplified98.1%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{0.5625}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right)} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in b around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{0.5625}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    7. Final simplification98.1%

      \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{7}} - \frac{0.5625}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 97.0% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      (* -0.5 (/ c b))
      (*
       a
       (*
        (pow c 3.0)
        (- (* -0.5625 (/ a (pow b 5.0))) (/ 0.375 (* c (pow b 3.0))))))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * (pow(c, 3.0) * ((-0.5625 * (a / pow(b, 5.0))) - (0.375 / (c * pow(b, 3.0))))));
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = ((-0.5d0) * (c / b)) + (a * ((c ** 3.0d0) * (((-0.5625d0) * (a / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (0.375d0 / (c * (b ** 3.0d0))))))
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-0.5625 * (a / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (0.375 / (c * Math.pow(b, 3.0))))));
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * (math.pow(c, 3.0) * ((-0.5625 * (a / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (0.375 / (c * math.pow(b, 3.0))))))
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(a / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(0.375 / Float64(c * (b ^ 3.0)))))))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((c ^ 3.0) * ((-0.5625 * (a / (b ^ 5.0))) - (0.375 / (c * (b ^ 3.0))))));
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.375 / N[(c * N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 15.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval15.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.8%

      \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \color{blue}{\left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3} \cdot c}\right)\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/97.8%

        \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.375 \cdot 1}{{b}^{3} \cdot c}}\right)\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval97.8%

        \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.375}}{{b}^{3} \cdot c}\right)\right) \]
      3. *-commutative97.8%

        \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{\color{blue}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}}\right)\right) \]
    8. Simplified97.8%

      \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \color{blue}{\left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}\right)\right)} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 96.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      c
      (-
       (* c (* a (- (* -0.5625 (* a (/ c (pow b 5.0)))) (/ 0.375 (pow b 3.0)))))
       (/ 0.5 b))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return c * ((c * (a * ((-0.5625 * (a * (c / pow(b, 5.0)))) - (0.375 / pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = c * ((c * (a * (((-0.5625d0) * (a * (c / (b ** 5.0d0)))) - (0.375d0 / (b ** 3.0d0))))) - (0.5d0 / b))
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return c * ((c * (a * ((-0.5625 * (a * (c / Math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (0.375 / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return c * ((c * (a * ((-0.5625 * (a * (c / math.pow(b, 5.0)))) - (0.375 / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b))
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 5.0)))) - Float64(0.375 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - Float64(0.5 / b)))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = c * ((c * (a * ((-0.5625 * (a * (c / (b ^ 5.0)))) - (0.375 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.375 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 15.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval15.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified15.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} + c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{c \cdot \left(1.265625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + 5.0625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}\right)}{a \cdot b}\right)\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified98.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 6.328125}{b \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.4%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*97.4%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right)} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
        2. associate-*r/97.4%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{0.375 \cdot 1}{{b}^{3}}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
        3. metadata-eval97.4%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{\color{blue}{0.375}}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      4. Simplified97.4%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 95.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c \cdot -0.5\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (/ (fma -0.375 (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0)) (* c -0.5)) b))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return fma(-0.375, (a * pow((c / b), 2.0)), (c * -0.5)) / b;
      }
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(fma(-0.375, Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)), Float64(c * -0.5)) / b)
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c \cdot -0.5\right)}{b}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 15.9%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified15.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 96.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot c + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutative96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + -0.5 \cdot c}}{b} \]
        2. fma-define96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}}{b} \]
        3. associate-/l*96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
        4. unpow296.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
        5. unpow296.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{b \cdot b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
        6. times-frac96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
        7. unpow296.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
        8. *-commutative96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{c \cdot -0.5}\right)}{b} \]
      8. Simplified96.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}, c \cdot -0.5\right)}{b}} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 95.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* c a) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b))))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((c * a) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          code = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((c * a) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((c * a) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((c * a) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((c * a) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 15.9%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified15.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/95.9%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
        2. metadata-eval95.9%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
      7. Simplified95.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
      8. Final simplification95.9%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 90.6% accurate, 23.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* -0.5 (/ c b)))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return -0.5 * (c / b);
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          code = (-0.5d0) * (c / b)
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return -0.5 * (c / b);
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	return -0.5 * (c / b)
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = -0.5 * (c / b);
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 15.9%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval15.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified15.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024145 
      (FPCore (a b c)
        :name "Cubic critical, wide range"
        :precision binary64
        :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
        (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))