
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (acosh x))
float code(float x) {
return acoshf(x);
}
function code(x) return acosh(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = acosh(x); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cosh^{-1} x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + sqrtf(((x * x) - 1.0f))));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0e0))))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) - Float32(1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - single(1.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x - 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (if (<= (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) -1.0))) 2000.0) (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (pow (sqrt x) 4.0) -1.0)))) (log (+ x x))))
float code(float x) {
float tmp;
if ((x + sqrtf(((x * x) + -1.0f))) <= 2000.0f) {
tmp = logf((x + sqrtf((powf(sqrtf(x), 4.0f) + -1.0f))));
} else {
tmp = logf((x + x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4) :: tmp
if ((x + sqrt(((x * x) + (-1.0e0)))) <= 2000.0e0) then
tmp = log((x + sqrt(((sqrt(x) ** 4.0e0) + (-1.0e0)))))
else
tmp = log((x + x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
function code(x) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (Float32(x + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(-1.0)))) <= Float32(2000.0)) tmp = log(Float32(x + sqrt(Float32((sqrt(x) ^ Float32(4.0)) + Float32(-1.0))))); else tmp = log(Float32(x + x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = single(0.0); if ((x + sqrt(((x * x) + single(-1.0)))) <= single(2000.0)) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((sqrt(x) ^ single(4.0)) + single(-1.0))))); else tmp = log((x + x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + -1} \leq 2000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + \sqrt{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{4} + -1}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + x\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 x (sqrt.f32 (-.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32)))) < 2e3Initial program 99.9%
pow299.9%
add-sqr-sqrt100.0%
pow2100.0%
pow-pow100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
if 2e3 < (+.f32 x (sqrt.f32 (-.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32)))) Initial program 45.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) -1.0))))) (if (<= t_0 2000.0) (log t_0) (log (+ x x)))))
float code(float x) {
float t_0 = x + sqrtf(((x * x) + -1.0f));
float tmp;
if (t_0 <= 2000.0f) {
tmp = logf(t_0);
} else {
tmp = logf((x + x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: tmp
t_0 = x + sqrt(((x * x) + (-1.0e0)))
if (t_0 <= 2000.0e0) then
tmp = log(t_0)
else
tmp = log((x + x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
function code(x) t_0 = Float32(x + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(-1.0)))) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (t_0 <= Float32(2000.0)) tmp = log(t_0); else tmp = log(Float32(x + x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = x + sqrt(((x * x) + single(-1.0))); tmp = single(0.0); if (t_0 <= single(2000.0)) tmp = log(t_0); else tmp = log((x + x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + -1}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t\_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + x\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 x (sqrt.f32 (-.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32)))) < 2e3Initial program 99.9%
if 2e3 < (+.f32 x (sqrt.f32 (-.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32)))) Initial program 45.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x x)))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + x));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + x))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + x)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log x))
float code(float x) {
return logf(x);
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log(x)
end function
function code(x) return log(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(x); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log x
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%
Simplified44.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (* x (- 0.9083333333333333 (/ 2.0 x))))
float code(float x) {
return x * (0.9083333333333333f - (2.0f / x));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (0.9083333333333333e0 - (2.0e0 / x))
end function
function code(x) return Float32(x * Float32(Float32(0.9083333333333333) - Float32(Float32(2.0) / x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (single(0.9083333333333333) - (single(2.0) / x)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(0.9083333333333333 - \frac{2}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
pow250.3%
add-sqr-sqrt50.3%
pow250.3%
pow-pow50.3%
metadata-eval50.3%
Applied egg-rr50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified11.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 11.6%
associate-*r/11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
Simplified11.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (+ -2.0 (* x 0.9083333333333333)))
float code(float x) {
return -2.0f + (x * 0.9083333333333333f);
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = (-2.0e0) + (x * 0.9083333333333333e0)
end function
function code(x) return Float32(Float32(-2.0) + Float32(x * Float32(0.9083333333333333))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(-2.0) + (x * single(0.9083333333333333)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2 + x \cdot 0.9083333333333333
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
pow250.3%
add-sqr-sqrt50.3%
pow250.3%
pow-pow50.3%
metadata-eval50.3%
Applied egg-rr50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified11.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (+ -2.0 (* x 0.8333333333333334)))
float code(float x) {
return -2.0f + (x * 0.8333333333333334f);
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = (-2.0e0) + (x * 0.8333333333333334e0)
end function
function code(x) return Float32(Float32(-2.0) + Float32(x * Float32(0.8333333333333334))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(-2.0) + (x * single(0.8333333333333334)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2 + x \cdot 0.8333333333333334
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
pow250.3%
add-sqr-sqrt50.3%
pow250.3%
pow-pow50.3%
metadata-eval50.3%
Applied egg-rr50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified11.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (* x 0.8333333333333334))
float code(float x) {
return x * 0.8333333333333334f;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = x * 0.8333333333333334e0
end function
function code(x) return Float32(x * Float32(0.8333333333333334)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * single(0.8333333333333334); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot 0.8333333333333334
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
pow250.3%
add-sqr-sqrt50.3%
pow250.3%
pow-pow50.3%
metadata-eval50.3%
Applied egg-rr50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified11.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 11.6%
associate-*r/11.6%
metadata-eval11.6%
Simplified11.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 11.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 -2.0)
float code(float x) {
return -2.0f;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = -2.0e0
end function
function code(x) return Float32(-2.0) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(-2.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2
\end{array}
Initial program 50.3%
pow250.3%
add-sqr-sqrt50.3%
pow250.3%
pow-pow50.3%
metadata-eval50.3%
Applied egg-rr50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified11.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 3.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1.0)) (sqrt (+ x 1.0))))))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + (sqrtf((x - 1.0f)) * sqrtf((x + 1.0f)))));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + (sqrt((x - 1.0e0)) * sqrt((x + 1.0e0)))))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + Float32(sqrt(Float32(x - Float32(1.0))) * sqrt(Float32(x + Float32(1.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + (sqrt((x - single(1.0))) * sqrt((x + single(1.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x - 1} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024144
(FPCore (x)
:name "Rust f32::acosh"
:precision binary32
:pre (>= x 1.0)
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1)) (sqrt (+ x 1))))))
(log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))