
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (acosh x))
double code(double x) {
return acosh(x);
}
def code(x): return math.acosh(x)
function code(x) return acosh(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = acosh(x); end
code[x_] := N[ArcCosh[x], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cosh^{-1} x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + Math.sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + math.sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) - 1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x - 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) -1.0))) 20000000.0) (* 2.0 (log (sqrt (+ x (sqrt (fma x x -1.0)))))) (log (+ x x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x + sqrt(((x * x) + -1.0))) <= 20000000.0) {
tmp = 2.0 * log(sqrt((x + sqrt(fma(x, x, -1.0)))));
} else {
tmp = log((x + x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + -1.0))) <= 20000000.0) tmp = Float64(2.0 * log(sqrt(Float64(x + sqrt(fma(x, x, -1.0)))))); else tmp = log(Float64(x + x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 20000000.0], N[(2.0 * N[Log[N[Sqrt[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(x * x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + -1} \leq 20000000:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \log \left(\sqrt{x + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -1\right)}}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + x\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f64 x (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 2e7Initial program 99.9%
add-sqr-sqrt99.8%
pow299.8%
log-pow100.0%
fma-neg100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
if 2e7 < (+.f64 x (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) #s(literal 1 binary64)))) Initial program 47.8%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log x))
double code(double x) {
return log(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log(x);
}
def code(x): return math.log(x)
function code(x) return log(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(x); end
code[x_] := N[Log[x], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log x
\end{array}
Initial program 50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.1%
Simplified31.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.3333333333333333)
double code(double x) {
return 1.3333333333333333;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.3333333333333333d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.3333333333333333;
}
def code(x): return 1.3333333333333333
function code(x) return 1.3333333333333333 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.3333333333333333; end
code[x_] := 1.3333333333333333
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1.3333333333333333
\end{array}
Initial program 50.4%
add-sqr-sqrt50.4%
pow250.4%
log-pow50.4%
fma-neg50.4%
metadata-eval50.4%
Applied egg-rr50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
flip-+0.0%
sqrt-div0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
log-div0.0%
pow1/20.0%
+-inverses0.0%
metadata-eval0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
pow1/20.0%
+-inverses0.0%
metadata-eval0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
log-div0.0%
flip-+18.7%
add-sqr-sqrt18.7%
add-sqr-sqrt18.7%
add-cbrt-cube8.1%
Applied egg-rr0.0%
Simplified14.3%
metadata-eval14.3%
Applied egg-rr14.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(x): return 1.0
function code(x) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0; end
code[x_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 50.4%
add-sqr-sqrt50.4%
pow250.4%
log-pow50.4%
fma-neg50.4%
metadata-eval50.4%
Applied egg-rr50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
pow1/298.4%
sqr-pow98.4%
unpow-prod-down48.9%
flip-+0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
associate-*r/0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
difference-of-squares0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
flip-+18.8%
log-pow18.8%
metadata-eval18.8%
flip-+0.0%
log-div0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
+-inverses0.0%
Applied egg-rr0.0%
Simplified14.2%
metadata-eval14.2%
Applied egg-rr14.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -2.0)
double code(double x) {
return -2.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = -2.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return -2.0;
}
def code(x): return -2.0
function code(x) return -2.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = -2.0; end
code[x_] := -2.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2
\end{array}
Initial program 50.4%
add-sqr-sqrt50.4%
pow250.4%
log-pow50.4%
fma-neg50.4%
metadata-eval50.4%
Applied egg-rr50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.0%
Simplified1.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1.0)) (sqrt (+ x 1.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + (sqrt((x - 1.0)) * sqrt((x + 1.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + (sqrt((x - 1.0d0)) * sqrt((x + 1.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + (Math.sqrt((x - 1.0)) * Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + (math.sqrt((x - 1.0)) * math.sqrt((x + 1.0)))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + Float64(sqrt(Float64(x - 1.0)) * sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + (sqrt((x - 1.0)) * sqrt((x + 1.0))))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x - 1} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024144
(FPCore (x)
:name "Rust f64::acosh"
:precision binary64
:pre (>= x 1.0)
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1)) (sqrt (+ x 1))))))
(log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))