
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -5.2e-6) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 3.9e+23) (+ (* -2.0 (/ x y)) -1.0) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5.2e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 3.9e+23) {
tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-5.2d-6)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 3.9d+23) then
tmp = ((-2.0d0) * (x / y)) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5.2e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 3.9e+23) {
tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -5.2e-6: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 3.9e+23: tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5.2e-6) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 3.9e+23) tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(x / y)) + -1.0); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5.2e-6) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 3.9e+23) tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0; else tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.2e-6], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 3.9e+23], N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + 2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -5.20000000000000019e-6Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.5%
if -5.20000000000000019e-6 < x < 3.9e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.9%
if 3.9e23 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 81.9%
Final simplification77.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.5e-6) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 1.5e+23) (/ y (- x y)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.5e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 1.5e+23) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.5d-6)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 1.5d+23) then
tmp = y / (x - y)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.5e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 1.5e+23) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.5e-6: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 1.5e+23: tmp = y / (x - y) else: tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.5e-6) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 1.5e+23) tmp = Float64(y / Float64(x - y)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.5e-6) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 1.5e+23) tmp = y / (x - y); else tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.5e-6], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.5e+23], N[(y / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + 2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.5e-6Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.5%
if -1.5e-6 < x < 1.5e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.5%
if 1.5e23 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 81.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -6.8e-7) (not (<= x 2.55e+23))) (+ 1.0 (/ y x)) -1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -6.8e-7) || !(x <= 2.55e+23)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-6.8d-7)) .or. (.not. (x <= 2.55d+23))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 + (y / x)
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -6.8e-7) || !(x <= 2.55e+23)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -6.8e-7) or not (x <= 2.55e+23): tmp = 1.0 + (y / x) else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -6.8e-7) || !(x <= 2.55e+23)) tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(y / x)); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -6.8e-7) || ~((x <= 2.55e+23))) tmp = 1.0 + (y / x); else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -6.8e-7], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 2.55e+23]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 + N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -6.8 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 2.55 \cdot 10^{+23}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -6.79999999999999948e-7 or 2.5500000000000001e23 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 79.2%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 79.1%
if -6.79999999999999948e-7 < x < 2.5500000000000001e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.9%
Final simplification77.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -6e-6) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 4.2e+23) (/ y (- x y)) (+ 1.0 (/ y x)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -6e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 4.2e+23) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-6d-6)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 4.2d+23) then
tmp = y / (x - y)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (y / x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -6e-6) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 4.2e+23) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -6e-6: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 4.2e+23: tmp = y / (x - y) else: tmp = 1.0 + (y / x) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -6e-6) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 4.2e+23) tmp = Float64(y / Float64(x - y)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(y / x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -6e-6) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 4.2e+23) tmp = y / (x - y); else tmp = 1.0 + (y / x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -6e-6], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 4.2e+23], N[(y / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -6.0000000000000002e-6Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.5%
if -6.0000000000000002e-6 < x < 4.2000000000000003e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.5%
if 4.2000000000000003e23 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.2%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.22e-5) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 2.9e+23) -1.0 (+ 1.0 (/ y x)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.22e-5) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 2.9e+23) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.22d-5)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 2.9d+23) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (y / x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.22e-5) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 2.9e+23) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (y / x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.22e-5: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 2.9e+23: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 + (y / x) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.22e-5) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 2.9e+23) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(y / x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.22e-5) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 2.9e+23) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0 + (y / x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.22e-5], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 2.9e+23], -1.0, N[(1.0 + N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.22 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.22000000000000001e-5Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.5%
if -1.22000000000000001e-5 < x < 2.90000000000000013e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.9%
if 2.90000000000000013e23 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.2%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -5e-5) 1.0 (if (<= x 2.6e+23) -1.0 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-5) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2.6e+23) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-5d-5)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 2.6d+23) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-5) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2.6e+23) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -5e-5: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 2.6e+23: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5e-5) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2.6e+23) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5e-5) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2.6e+23) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5e-5], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 2.6e+23], -1.0, 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -5.00000000000000024e-5 or 2.59999999999999992e23 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 78.5%
if -5.00000000000000024e-5 < x < 2.59999999999999992e23Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 47.3%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = 1.0d0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)));
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)))
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + y)) - Float64(y / Float64(x + y)))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(x / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{x}{x + y} - \frac{y}{x + y}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024144
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Linear.Projection:perspective from linear-1.19.1.3, A"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y)))))
(/ (+ x y) (- x y)))