
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u (/ PI (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * (((float) M_PI) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\pi}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}}\right) - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
fma-define24.8%
associate--r+24.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.8%
distribute-rgt-out--24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
+-commutative25.0%
mul-1-neg25.0%
unsub-neg25.0%
associate-/l*25.0%
log1p-define25.0%
Simplified25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
fma-define24.8%
associate--r+24.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.8%
distribute-rgt-out--24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
metadata-eval24.8%
*-commutative24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.0%
associate-*r*25.0%
neg-mul-125.0%
log1p-define25.0%
Simplified25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (* 4.0 (* s (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25))))) s))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (4.0f * (s * ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))))) / s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))))) / s) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(4.0) * (s * ((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{4 \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right)\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.0%
Applied egg-rr98.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.0%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
pow198.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
pow-div61.8%
pow161.8%
distribute-frac-neg61.8%
associate-*l/61.5%
Applied egg-rr61.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.3%
Final simplification12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (* u (- (* 4.0 (* s (* PI 0.5))) (* s (/ PI u)))) s))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * ((4.0f * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 0.5f))) - (s * (((float) M_PI) / u)))) / s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.5)))) - Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) / u)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (u * ((single(4.0) * (s * (single(pi) * single(0.5)))) - (s * (single(pi) / u)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{u \cdot \left(4 \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right) - s \cdot \frac{\pi}{u}\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.0%
Applied egg-rr98.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.0%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
pow198.9%
metadata-eval98.9%
pow-div61.8%
pow161.8%
distribute-frac-neg61.8%
associate-*l/61.5%
Applied egg-rr61.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 12.3%
+-commutative12.3%
mul-1-neg12.3%
unsub-neg12.3%
distribute-rgt-out--12.3%
metadata-eval12.3%
associate-/l*12.3%
Simplified12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.3%
associate--r+12.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.3%
distribute-rgt-out--12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
metadata-eval12.3%
metadata-eval12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
Simplified12.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 12.3%
+-commutative12.3%
mul-1-neg12.3%
unsub-neg12.3%
Simplified12.3%
Final simplification12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.0%
Applied egg-rr98.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.3%
associate--r+12.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.3%
distribute-rgt-out--12.3%
metadata-eval12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
metadata-eval12.3%
+-commutative12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
associate-*r*12.3%
*-commutative12.3%
fma-undefine12.3%
*-lft-identity12.3%
*-lft-identity12.3%
fma-undefine12.3%
Simplified12.3%
Final simplification12.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.1%
neg-mul-112.1%
Simplified12.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024144
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))