
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x + y) / (x - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x + y) / (x - y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x + y) / (x - y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(x - y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x + y) / (x - y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + y}{x - y}
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -7.5e-56) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 4.6e+14) (+ (* -2.0 (/ x y)) -1.0) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.5e-56) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 4.6e+14) {
tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-7.5d-56)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 4.6d+14) then
tmp = ((-2.0d0) * (x / y)) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.5e-56) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 4.6e+14) {
tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -7.5e-56: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 4.6e+14: tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -7.5e-56) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 4.6e+14) tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(x / y)) + -1.0); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -7.5e-56) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 4.6e+14) tmp = (-2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0; else tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -7.5e-56], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 4.6e+14], N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{-56}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 4.6 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + 2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -7.50000000000000041e-56Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 80.7%
if -7.50000000000000041e-56 < x < 4.6e14Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 80.5%
if 4.6e14 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 81.6%
Final simplification80.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -3.7e-56) (/ x (- x y)) (if (<= x 2.3e+14) (/ y (- x y)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.7e-56) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 2.3e+14) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-3.7d-56)) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else if (x <= 2.3d+14) then
tmp = y / (x - y)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.7e-56) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else if (x <= 2.3e+14) {
tmp = y / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -3.7e-56: tmp = x / (x - y) elif x <= 2.3e+14: tmp = y / (x - y) else: tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -3.7e-56) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); elseif (x <= 2.3e+14) tmp = Float64(y / Float64(x - y)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -3.7e-56) tmp = x / (x - y); elseif (x <= 2.3e+14) tmp = y / (x - y); else tmp = 1.0 + (2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -3.7e-56], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 2.3e+14], N[(y / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.7 \cdot 10^{-56}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + 2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.7000000000000002e-56Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 80.7%
if -3.7000000000000002e-56 < x < 2.3e14Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 80.5%
if 2.3e14 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 81.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.55e-56) (not (<= x 2.1e+14))) (/ x (- x y)) (/ y (- x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.55e-56) || !(x <= 2.1e+14)) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = y / (x - y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.55d-56)) .or. (.not. (x <= 2.1d+14))) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else
tmp = y / (x - y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.55e-56) || !(x <= 2.1e+14)) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = y / (x - y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.55e-56) or not (x <= 2.1e+14): tmp = x / (x - y) else: tmp = y / (x - y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.55e-56) || !(x <= 2.1e+14)) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); else tmp = Float64(y / Float64(x - y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.55e-56) || ~((x <= 2.1e+14))) tmp = x / (x - y); else tmp = y / (x - y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.55e-56], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 2.1e+14]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(y / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{-56} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{+14}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{x - y}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.54999999999999994e-56 or 2.1e14 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 80.8%
if -1.54999999999999994e-56 < x < 2.1e14Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 80.5%
Final simplification80.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -6.6e-56) (not (<= x 5.4e+14))) (/ x (- x y)) (- -1.0 (/ x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -6.6e-56) || !(x <= 5.4e+14)) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = -1.0 - (x / y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-6.6d-56)) .or. (.not. (x <= 5.4d+14))) then
tmp = x / (x - y)
else
tmp = (-1.0d0) - (x / y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -6.6e-56) || !(x <= 5.4e+14)) {
tmp = x / (x - y);
} else {
tmp = -1.0 - (x / y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -6.6e-56) or not (x <= 5.4e+14): tmp = x / (x - y) else: tmp = -1.0 - (x / y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -6.6e-56) || !(x <= 5.4e+14)) tmp = Float64(x / Float64(x - y)); else tmp = Float64(-1.0 - Float64(x / y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -6.6e-56) || ~((x <= 5.4e+14))) tmp = x / (x - y); else tmp = -1.0 - (x / y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -6.6e-56], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 5.4e+14]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x / N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-1.0 - N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{-56} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{+14}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x - y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1 - \frac{x}{y}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -6.59999999999999967e-56 or 5.4e14 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 80.8%
if -6.59999999999999967e-56 < x < 5.4e14Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 80.5%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 79.9%
sub-neg79.9%
metadata-eval79.9%
+-commutative79.9%
mul-1-neg79.9%
unsub-neg79.9%
Simplified79.9%
Final simplification80.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -3e-26) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.25e+16) (- -1.0 (/ x y)) 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3e-26) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.25e+16) {
tmp = -1.0 - (x / y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-3d-26)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 1.25d+16) then
tmp = (-1.0d0) - (x / y)
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3e-26) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.25e+16) {
tmp = -1.0 - (x / y);
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -3e-26: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 1.25e+16: tmp = -1.0 - (x / y) else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -3e-26) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.25e+16) tmp = Float64(-1.0 - Float64(x / y)); else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -3e-26) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.25e+16) tmp = -1.0 - (x / y); else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -3e-26], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.25e+16], N[(-1.0 - N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3 \cdot 10^{-26}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1 - \frac{x}{y}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.00000000000000012e-26 or 1.25e16 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.4%
if -3.00000000000000012e-26 < x < 1.25e16Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 78.9%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 78.3%
sub-neg78.3%
metadata-eval78.3%
+-commutative78.3%
mul-1-neg78.3%
unsub-neg78.3%
Simplified78.3%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -2.95e-15) 1.0 (if (<= x 2e+14) -1.0 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.95e-15) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e+14) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-2.95d-15)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 2d+14) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.95e-15) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e+14) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -2.95e-15: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 2e+14: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -2.95e-15) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e+14) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -2.95e-15) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e+14) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -2.95e-15], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 2e+14], -1.0, 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2.95 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -2.94999999999999982e-15 or 2e14 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.9%
if -2.94999999999999982e-15 < x < 2e14Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 77.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 45.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = 1.0d0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)));
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)))
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + y)) - Float64(y / Float64(x + y)))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = 1.0 / ((x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(x / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{x}{x + y} - \frac{y}{x + y}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024139
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Linear.Projection:perspective from linear-1.19.1.3, A"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y)))))
(/ (+ x y) (- x y)))