logq (problem 3.4.3)

Percentage Accurate: 8.5% → 100.0%

Time: 8.5s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 35.7×

Specification

\[\left|\varepsilon\right| < 1\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps) :precision binary64 (log (/ (- 1.0 eps) (+ 1.0 eps))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = log(((1.0d0 - eps) / (1.0d0 + eps)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return Math.log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return math.log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return log(Float64(Float64(1.0 - eps) / Float64(1.0 + eps)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 8.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps) :precision binary64 (log (/ (- 1.0 eps) (+ 1.0 eps))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = log(((1.0d0 - eps) / (1.0d0 + eps)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return Math.log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return math.log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return log(Float64(Float64(1.0 - eps) / Float64(1.0 + eps)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = log(((1.0 - eps) / (1.0 + eps)));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{log1p}\left(0 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) - \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right) + \mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (- (log1p (- 0.0 (* eps eps))) (+ (log1p eps) (log1p eps))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return log1p((0.0 - (eps * eps))) - (log1p(eps) + log1p(eps));
}

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return Math.log1p((0.0 - (eps * eps))) - (Math.log1p(eps) + Math.log1p(eps));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return math.log1p((0.0 - (eps * eps))) - (math.log1p(eps) + math.log1p(eps))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(log1p(Float64(0.0 - Float64(eps * eps))) - Float64(log1p(eps) + log1p(eps)))
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(N[Log[1 + N[(0.0 - N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Log[1 + eps], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[1 + eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. log-div N/A

      \[\leadsto \log \left(1 - \varepsilon\right) - \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} \]

   2. flip-- N/A

      \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) - \log \left(\color{blue}{1} + \varepsilon\right) \]

   3. log-div N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(1 \cdot 1 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) - \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} \]

   4. associate--l- N/A

      \[\leadsto \log \left(1 \cdot 1 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right) + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)} \]

   5. --lowering--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\log \left(1 \cdot 1 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right) + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\log \left(1 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\log \left(\color{blue}{1} + \varepsilon\right) + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\log \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. log1p-define N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. log1p-lowering-log1p.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. neg-sub0 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\left(0 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. --lowering--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)} + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \left(\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right) + \log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right), \color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right) \]

   14. log1p-define N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right)\right), \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right) \]

   15. log1p-lowering-log1p.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\varepsilon\right), \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right) \]

   16. log1p-define N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\varepsilon\right), \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   17. log1p-lowering-log1p.f64 100.0%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{\_.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\mathsf{\_.f64}\left(0, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\varepsilon\right), \mathsf{log1p.f64}\left(\varepsilon\right)\right)\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(0 - \varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) - \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right) + \mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right)\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.8% accurate, 4.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.4 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.2857142857142857\right)\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) + \varepsilon \cdot -2 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (*
   (+
    -0.6666666666666666
    (* (* eps eps) (+ -0.4 (* (* eps eps) -0.2857142857142857))))
   (* eps (* eps eps)))
  (* eps -2.0)))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return ((-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + ((eps * eps) * -0.2857142857142857)))) * (eps * (eps * eps))) + (eps * -2.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (((-0.6666666666666666d0) + ((eps * eps) * ((-0.4d0) + ((eps * eps) * (-0.2857142857142857d0))))) * (eps * (eps * eps))) + (eps * (-2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return ((-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + ((eps * eps) * -0.2857142857142857)))) * (eps * (eps * eps))) + (eps * -2.0);
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return ((-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + ((eps * eps) * -0.2857142857142857)))) * (eps * (eps * eps))) + (eps * -2.0)

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.6666666666666666 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * Float64(-0.4 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * -0.2857142857142857)))) * Float64(eps * Float64(eps * eps))) + Float64(eps * -2.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = ((-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + ((eps * eps) * -0.2857142857142857)))) * (eps * (eps * eps))) + (eps * -2.0);
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.6666666666666666 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.4 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * -0.2857142857142857), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(eps * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)}\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) + -2\right)\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(-2 + \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   5. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) + \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   15. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   16. sub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   17. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \frac{-2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   18. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{5} + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   19. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   20. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   21. associate-*r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   22. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   23. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.4 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.2857142857142857\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{-2}{7}\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-2}\right) \]

   2. distribute-rgt-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{-2}{7}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \varepsilon + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \varepsilon} \]

   3. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{-2}{7}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right), \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.4 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.2857142857142857\right)\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) + \varepsilon \cdot -2} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.8% accurate, 5.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.4 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.2857142857142857\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  eps
  (+
   -2.0
   (*
    (* eps eps)
    (+
     -0.6666666666666666
     (* (* eps eps) (+ -0.4 (* eps (* eps -0.2857142857142857)))))))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + (eps * (eps * -0.2857142857142857)))))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps * ((-2.0d0) + ((eps * eps) * ((-0.6666666666666666d0) + ((eps * eps) * ((-0.4d0) + (eps * (eps * (-0.2857142857142857d0))))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + (eps * (eps * -0.2857142857142857)))))));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + (eps * (eps * -0.2857142857142857)))))))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(eps * Float64(-2.0 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * Float64(-0.6666666666666666 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * Float64(-0.4 + Float64(eps * Float64(eps * -0.2857142857142857))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4 + (eps * (eps * -0.2857142857142857)))))));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(eps * N[(-2.0 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.6666666666666666 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.4 + N[(eps * N[(eps * -0.2857142857142857), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)}\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right) + -2\right)\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(-2 + \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   5. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right) + \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{5}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   15. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   16. sub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   17. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \frac{-2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   18. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{5} + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   19. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   20. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   21. associate-*r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   22. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   23. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{5}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{7} \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.4 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.2857142857142857\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.7% accurate, 7.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.4\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (* eps (+ -2.0 (* (* eps eps) (+ -0.6666666666666666 (* (* eps eps) -0.4))))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * -0.4))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps * ((-2.0d0) + ((eps * eps) * ((-0.6666666666666666d0) + ((eps * eps) * (-0.4d0)))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * -0.4))));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * -0.4))))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(eps * Float64(-2.0 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * Float64(-0.6666666666666666 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * -0.4)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666 + ((eps * eps) * -0.4))));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(eps * N[(-2.0 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.6666666666666666 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * -0.4), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right) - 2\right)}\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right) + -2\right)\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(-2 + \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   5. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - \frac{2}{3}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}} - \frac{2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   11. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   12. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{5} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{5}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   14. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{5}}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   15. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \frac{-2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   16. *-lowering-*.f64 99.7%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \frac{-2}{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.6666666666666666 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.4\right)\right)} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 9.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot -2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.6666666666666666\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (* eps -2.0) (* (* eps eps) (* eps -0.6666666666666666))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return (eps * -2.0) + ((eps * eps) * (eps * -0.6666666666666666));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (eps * (-2.0d0)) + ((eps * eps) * (eps * (-0.6666666666666666d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return (eps * -2.0) + ((eps * eps) * (eps * -0.6666666666666666));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return (eps * -2.0) + ((eps * eps) * (eps * -0.6666666666666666))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(Float64(eps * -2.0) + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * Float64(eps * -0.6666666666666666)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = (eps * -2.0) + ((eps * eps) * (eps * -0.6666666666666666));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(N[(eps * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * -0.6666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - 2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - 2\right)}\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + -2\right)\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(-2 + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

   5. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + -0.6666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) + \color{blue}{-2}\right) \]

   2. distribute-lft-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot -2} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) + -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon} \]

   4. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)}\right) \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{-2}{3}\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   7. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   9. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   10. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \left(\varepsilon \cdot \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right), \left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   11. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right), \left(-2 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \]

   12. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right), \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{-2}\right)\right) \]

   13. *-lowering-*.f64 99.6%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{+.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-2}{3}\right)\right), \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{-2}\right)\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.6666666666666666\right) + \varepsilon \cdot -2} \]

8. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot -2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.6666666666666666\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 11.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.6666666666666666\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps)
 :precision binary64
 (* eps (+ -2.0 (* (* eps eps) -0.6666666666666666))))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * -0.6666666666666666));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps * ((-2.0d0) + ((eps * eps) * (-0.6666666666666666d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * -0.6666666666666666));
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * -0.6666666666666666))

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(eps * Float64(-2.0 + Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * -0.6666666666666666)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = eps * (-2.0 + ((eps * eps) * -0.6666666666666666));
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(eps * N[(-2.0 + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * -0.6666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - 2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} - 2\right)}\right) \]

   2. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + -2\right)\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \left(-2 + \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)\right) \]

   5. +-lowering-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-2}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. *-lowering-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. *-lowering-*.f64 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{+.f64}\left(-2, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\frac{-2}{3}, \mathsf{*.f64}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + -0.6666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(-2 + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.6666666666666666\right) \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 99.0% accurate, 35.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot -2 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps) :precision binary64 (* eps -2.0))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return eps * -2.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps * (-2.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return eps * -2.0;
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return eps * -2.0

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(eps * -2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(eps)
	tmp = eps * -2.0;
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(eps * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 8.2%

   \[\log \left(\frac{1 - \varepsilon}{1 + \varepsilon}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \varepsilon} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lowering-*.f64 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{*.f64}\left(-2, \color{blue}{\varepsilon}\right) \]

5. Simplified 99.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \varepsilon} \]

6. Final simplification 99.3%

   \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot -2 \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{log1p}\left(-\varepsilon\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\varepsilon\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (eps) :precision binary64 (- (log1p (- eps)) (log1p eps)))

C

double code(double eps) {
	return log1p(-eps) - log1p(eps);
}

Java

public static double code(double eps) {
	return Math.log1p(-eps) - Math.log1p(eps);
}

Python

def code(eps):
	return math.log1p(-eps) - math.log1p(eps)

Julia

function code(eps)
	return Float64(log1p(Float64(-eps)) - log1p(eps))
end

Wolfram

code[eps_] := N[(N[Log[1 + (-eps)], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[1 + eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024139 
(FPCore (eps)
  :name "logq (problem 3.4.3)"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (< (fabs eps) 1.0)

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (- (log1p (- eps)) (log1p eps)))

  (log (/ (- 1.0 eps) (+ 1.0 eps))))