
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(-
(*
a
(-
(*
a
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
(/ (* (* a -5.0) (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 7.0))))
(/ (* c c) (pow b 3.0))))
(/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (((a * -5.0) * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((c * c) / pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((a * (((-2.0d0) * ((c ** 3.0d0) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + (((a * (-5.0d0)) * (c ** 4.0d0)) / (b ** 7.0d0)))) - ((c * c) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((a * -5.0) * Math.pow(c, 4.0)) / Math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((c * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * (math.pow(c, 3.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((a * -5.0) * math.pow(c, 4.0)) / math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((c * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(a * -5.0) * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0)))) - Float64(Float64(c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((a * ((-2.0 * ((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (((a * -5.0) * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0)))) - ((c * c) / (b ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(a * -5.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{\left(a \cdot -5\right) \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.4%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.4%
associate-*r/98.4%
associate-*r*98.4%
Simplified98.4%
associate-*r/98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
associate-*r/98.4%
mul-1-neg98.4%
distribute-neg-frac298.4%
Simplified98.4%
unpow298.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (* -2.0 (/ (* (pow c 3.0) (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 4.0))) (+ c (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0)))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 * ((pow(c, 3.0) * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 4.0))) - (c + ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0)))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-2.0d0) * (((c ** 3.0d0) * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 4.0d0))) - (c + ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0)))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 * ((Math.pow(c, 3.0) * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) - (c + ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-2.0 * ((math.pow(c, 3.0) * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) - (c + ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((c ^ 3.0) * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) - Float64(c + Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-2.0 * (((c ^ 3.0) * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) - (c + ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c + N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{4}} - \left(c + \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.8%
Final simplification97.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* a (* (pow c 3.0) (+ (/ (* a -2.0) (pow b 5.0)) (/ -1.0 (* c (pow b 3.0)))))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (pow(c, 3.0) * (((a * -2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / (c * pow(b, 3.0)))))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (a * ((c ** 3.0d0) * (((a * (-2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / (c * (b ** 3.0d0)))))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (a * (Math.pow(c, 3.0) * (((a * -2.0) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / (c * Math.pow(b, 3.0)))))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (a * (math.pow(c, 3.0) * (((a * -2.0) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) + (-1.0 / (c * math.pow(b, 3.0)))))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a * Float64((c ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * -2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(c * (b ^ 3.0)))))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (a * ((c ^ 3.0) * (((a * -2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)) + (-1.0 / (c * (b ^ 3.0)))))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(a * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(c * N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
a \cdot \left({c}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot -2}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-1}{c \cdot {b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 97.8%
Taylor expanded in c around inf 97.8%
associate-*r/97.8%
*-commutative97.8%
Simplified97.8%
Final simplification97.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (* c (- (* -2.0 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 5.0))) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) - (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) - (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-2.0 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - (a / (b ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (+ (/ (- (* -2.0 (pow (* c (/ a b)) 2.0)) (* c a)) (pow b 3.0)) (/ -1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((-2.0 * pow((c * (a / b)), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((((-2.0d0) * ((c * (a / b)) ** 2.0d0)) - (c * a)) / (b ** 3.0d0)) + ((-1.0d0) / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((((-2.0 * Math.pow((c * (a / b)), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((((-2.0 * math.pow((c * (a / b)), 2.0)) - (c * a)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * (Float64(c * Float64(a / b)) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + Float64(-1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((((-2.0 * ((c * (a / b)) ^ 2.0)) - (c * a)) / (b ^ 3.0)) + (-1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Power[N[(c * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(\frac{-2 \cdot {\left(c \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}^{2} - c \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.5%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.5%
mul-1-neg97.5%
unsub-neg97.5%
associate-/l*97.5%
unpow297.5%
unpow297.5%
unpow297.5%
times-frac97.5%
swap-sqr97.5%
unpow297.5%
associate-*r/97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
associate-/l*97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ (- c) b) (/ (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0)) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - ((a * pow((c / b), 2.0)) / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c / b) - ((a * ((c / b) ** 2.0d0)) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c / b) - ((a * Math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c / b) - ((a * math.pow((c / b), 2.0)) / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) - Float64(Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)) / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c / b) - ((a * ((c / b) ^ 2.0)) / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b} - \frac{a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.6%
mul-1-neg96.6%
unsub-neg96.6%
mul-1-neg96.6%
associate-/l*96.6%
Simplified96.6%
add-cube-cbrt94.5%
pow394.5%
div-inv94.5%
pow-flip94.5%
metadata-eval94.5%
Applied egg-rr94.5%
rem-cube-cbrt96.6%
div-sub96.6%
un-div-inv96.3%
distribute-lft-neg-out96.3%
div-inv96.6%
add-sqr-sqrt96.6%
pow296.6%
sqrt-prod96.6%
sqrt-pow196.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
pow196.6%
sqrt-pow196.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
inv-pow96.6%
div-inv96.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
Final simplification96.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- c) (* a (* (/ c b) (/ c b)))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-c - (a * ((c / b) * (c / b)))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-c) - N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-c\right) - a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.6%
mul-1-neg96.6%
unsub-neg96.6%
mul-1-neg96.6%
associate-/l*96.6%
Simplified96.6%
add-cube-cbrt94.5%
pow394.5%
div-inv94.5%
pow-flip94.5%
metadata-eval94.5%
Applied egg-rr94.5%
rem-cube-cbrt96.6%
add-sqr-sqrt96.6%
pow296.6%
sqrt-prod96.6%
sqrt-pow196.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
pow196.6%
sqrt-pow196.6%
metadata-eval96.6%
inv-pow96.6%
div-inv96.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
unpow296.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 15.6%
*-commutative15.6%
Simplified15.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.2%
associate-*r/92.2%
mul-1-neg92.2%
Simplified92.2%
Final simplification92.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024139
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))