VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.9% → 98.8%
Time: 17.1s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\pi}\right)}^{2} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   1.0
   (/
    PI
    (log1p
     (+
      (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* (pow (sqrt PI) 2.0) 0.5))))
      (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))))))))))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / log1p(((1.0 / expm1((f * (pow(sqrt(((double) M_PI)), 2.0) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))))))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (1.0 / (Math.PI / Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.pow(Math.sqrt(Math.PI), 2.0) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))))))));
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (1.0 / (math.pi / math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pow(math.sqrt(math.pi), 2.0) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))))))))
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64((sqrt(pi) ^ 2.0) * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5))))))))))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(N[Power[N[Sqrt[Pi], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\pi}\right)}^{2} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.4%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. inv-pow98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-198.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-*l*98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}} \]
    5. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log1p-expm1-u98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}} \]
      2. expm1-undefine98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}} \]
      3. add-exp-log98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
      3. metadata-eval98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
      6. metadata-eval98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}} \]
      7. associate-+l-98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)}\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi} \cdot \sqrt{\pi}\right)} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}} \]
      2. pow298.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\pi}\right)}^{2}} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\pi}\right)}^{2}} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}} \]
    12. Final simplification98.9%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left({\left(\sqrt{\pi}\right)}^{2} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}} \]
    13. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (/
      -4.0
      (/
       PI
       (log1p
        (+
         (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))
         (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5))))))))))
    double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 / (((double) M_PI) / log1p(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5))))))));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 / (Math.PI / Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5))))))));
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return -4.0 / (math.pi / math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5))))))))
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(-4.0 / Float64(pi / log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))))))))
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(-4.0 / N[(Pi / N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.4%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. clear-num98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
        2. inv-pow98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      3. Applied egg-rr98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. unpow-198.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
        2. associate-*l*98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. Simplified98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. log1p-expm1-u98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}} \]
        2. expm1-undefine98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}} \]
        3. add-exp-log98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}} \]
      7. Applied egg-rr98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-neg98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}} \]
        2. +-commutative98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
        3. metadata-eval98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
        4. distribute-neg-frac98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
        5. sub-neg98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
        6. metadata-eval98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}} \]
        7. associate-+l-98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)}\right)}} \]
      9. Simplified98.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}}} \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. un-div-inv98.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - -1\right)\right)}}} \]
        2. sub-neg98.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \left(--1\right)\right)}\right)}} \]
        3. metadata-eval98.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right)}} \]
      11. Applied egg-rr98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} + 1\right)\right)}}} \]
      12. Final simplification98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\frac{\pi}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}} \]
      13. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (f)
       :precision binary64
       (*
        -4.0
        (/
         (log
          (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5))))))
         PI)))
      double code(double f) {
      	return -4.0 * (log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
      }
      
      public static double code(double f) {
      	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5)))))) / Math.PI);
      }
      
      def code(f):
      	return -4.0 * (math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5)))))) / math.pi)
      
      function code(f)
      	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5)))))) / pi))
      end
      
      code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 6.4%

        \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
      2. Simplified98.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing
      4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified98.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 96.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (f)
         :precision binary64
         (-
          (* -4.0 (/ (- (log (/ 4.0 PI)) (log f)) PI))
          (* (pow f 2.0) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))
        double code(double f) {
        	return (-4.0 * ((log((4.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - log(f)) / ((double) M_PI))) - (pow(f, 2.0) * (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333));
        }
        
        public static double code(double f) {
        	return (-4.0 * ((Math.log((4.0 / Math.PI)) - Math.log(f)) / Math.PI)) - (Math.pow(f, 2.0) * (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333));
        }
        
        def code(f):
        	return (-4.0 * ((math.log((4.0 / math.pi)) - math.log(f)) / math.pi)) - (math.pow(f, 2.0) * (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333))
        
        function code(f)
        	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi)) - Float64((f ^ 2.0) * Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(f)
        	tmp = (-4.0 * ((log((4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi)) - ((f ^ 2.0) * (pi * 0.08333333333333333));
        end
        
        code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[f], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[f, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 6.4%

          \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
        2. Simplified98.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing
        4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + -1 \cdot \left({f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. mul-1-neg96.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} + \color{blue}{\left(-{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
          2. unsub-neg96.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
          3. mul-1-neg96.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
          4. unsub-neg96.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
          5. distribute-rgt-out96.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right) \]
          6. metadata-eval96.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right) \]
        6. Simplified96.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} - {f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 96.6% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (f)
         :precision binary64
         (*
          -4.0
          (/
           (log
            (/ (+ (* (pow f 2.0) (* PI 0.08333333333333333)) (* 4.0 (/ 1.0 PI))) f))
           PI)))
        double code(double f) {
        	return -4.0 * (log((((pow(f, 2.0) * (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)) + (4.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)))) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
        }
        
        public static double code(double f) {
        	return -4.0 * (Math.log((((Math.pow(f, 2.0) * (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)) + (4.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI))) / f)) / Math.PI);
        }
        
        def code(f):
        	return -4.0 * (math.log((((math.pow(f, 2.0) * (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)) + (4.0 * (1.0 / math.pi))) / f)) / math.pi)
        
        function code(f)
        	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(Float64((f ^ 2.0) * Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi))) / f)) / pi))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(f)
        	tmp = -4.0 * (log(((((f ^ 2.0) * (pi * 0.08333333333333333)) + (4.0 * (1.0 / pi))) / f)) / pi);
        end
        
        code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(N[(N[Power[f, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 6.4%

          \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
        2. Simplified98.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing
        4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified98.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.0%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate--l+96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + \left(0.125 \cdot \pi - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            2. *-commutative96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333} + \left(0.125 \cdot \pi - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. *-commutative96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.125} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            4. distribute-rgt-out96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.125 - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            5. metadata-eval96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.125 - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
          4. Applied egg-rr96.0%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.125 - \pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. distribute-lft-out--96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.08333333333333333 + \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.125 - -0.041666666666666664\right)}\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            2. distribute-lft-out96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + \left(0.125 - -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. metadata-eval96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            4. metadata-eval96.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
          6. Simplified96.0%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 96.0% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (- (log (/ 4.0 PI)) (log f)) PI)))
          double code(double f) {
          	return -4.0 * ((log((4.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - log(f)) / ((double) M_PI));
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return -4.0 * ((Math.log((4.0 / Math.PI)) - Math.log(f)) / Math.PI);
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return -4.0 * ((math.log((4.0 / math.pi)) - math.log(f)) / math.pi)
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(f)
          	tmp = -4.0 * ((log((4.0 / pi)) - log(f)) / pi);
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[f], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 6.4%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. mul-1-neg95.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
            2. unsub-neg95.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
          6. Simplified95.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 7: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI))
          double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f))) / Math.PI;
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return (-4.0 * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))) / math.pi
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi)
          end
          
          function tmp = code(f)
          	tmp = (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi;
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 6.4%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. mul-1-neg95.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
            2. unsub-neg95.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
          6. Simplified95.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r/95.6%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
            2. diff-log95.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
          8. Applied egg-rr95.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
          9. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 8: 95.8% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (log (/ 4.0 (* PI f))) (/ -4.0 PI)))
          double code(double f) {
          	return log((4.0 / (((double) M_PI) * f))) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return Math.log((4.0 / (Math.PI * f))) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return math.log((4.0 / (math.pi * f))) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(log(Float64(4.0 / Float64(pi * f))) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(f)
          	tmp = log((4.0 / (pi * f))) * (-4.0 / pi);
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(4.0 / N[(Pi * f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 6.4%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.4%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutative95.4%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          6. Simplified95.4%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 9: 1.6% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right) \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f)
           :precision binary64
           (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (* 0.08333333333333333 (* PI f)))))
          double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log((0.08333333333333333 * (((double) M_PI) * f)));
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log((0.08333333333333333 * (Math.PI * f)));
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log((0.08333333333333333 * (math.pi * f)))
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(0.08333333333333333 * Float64(pi * f))))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(f)
          	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log((0.08333333333333333 * (pi * f)));
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(0.08333333333333333 * N[(Pi * f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right)
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 6.4%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 95.9%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in f around inf 1.6%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. distribute-rgt-out1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right)} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            2. metadata-eval1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.041666666666666664} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            3. distribute-rgt-out1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            4. metadata-eval1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            5. distribute-lft-out--1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.041666666666666664 - -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            6. metadata-eval1.6%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          7. Simplified1.6%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in f around 0 1.6%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          9. Final simplification1.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right) \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 10: 0.7% accurate, 5.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log 0 \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log 0.0)))
          double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log(0.0);
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log(0.0);
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log(0.0)
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(0.0))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(f)
          	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log(0.0);
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[0.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log 0
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 6.4%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Applied egg-rr0.7%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-inverses0.7%

              \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          6. Simplified0.7%

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
          7. Final simplification0.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log 0 \]
          8. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024137 
          (FPCore (f)
            :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
            :precision binary64
            (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))