
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(fma
u
(+ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ 1.0 (- -1.0 t_0)))
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 t_0))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / fmaf(u, ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + (1.0f / (-1.0f - t_0))), (1.0f / (1.0f + t_0)))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / fma(u, Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_0))), Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1}{-1 - t\_0}, \frac{1}{1 + t\_0}\right)} + -1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log1p
(+
(/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))) (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))))
-2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf(((1.0f / ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))))) + -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))))) + Float32(-2.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}}} + -2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 98.4%
associate-*r*98.4%
neg-mul-198.4%
sub-neg98.4%
mul-1-neg98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Simplified98.4%
log1p-expm1-u98.4%
expm1-undefine98.4%
add-exp-log98.4%
distribute-neg-frac98.4%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
associate--l+98.4%
Simplified98.4%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))) (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) + (u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 98.4%
associate-*r*98.4%
neg-mul-198.4%
sub-neg98.4%
mul-1-neg98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Simplified98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (+ -1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u) (/ (exp (/ PI (- s))) u))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + ((1.0f / u) + (expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)) / u))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u) + Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))) / u))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + ((single(1.0) / u) + (exp((single(pi) / -s)) / u)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \left(\frac{1}{u} + \frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}}{u}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
+-commutative96.3%
mul-1-neg96.3%
unsub-neg96.3%
Simplified96.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 98.4%
associate-*r*98.4%
neg-mul-198.4%
sub-neg98.4%
mul-1-neg98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Simplified98.4%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 98.3%
Final simplification98.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* s u)) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (s * u)) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(s * u)) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
associate-*r/25.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
metadata-eval25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.5%
+-commutative25.5%
mul-1-neg25.5%
unsub-neg25.5%
associate-/l*25.5%
log1p-define25.5%
Simplified25.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.6%
Final simplification25.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.5%
associate-*r*25.5%
neg-mul-125.5%
log1p-define25.5%
Simplified25.5%
Final simplification25.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.5%
associate-*r/11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
distribute-rgt-out--11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.5%
+-commutative11.5%
mul-1-neg11.5%
unsub-neg11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u PI)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (u * single(pi))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.5%
associate-*r/11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
distribute-rgt-out--11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.5%
neg-mul-111.5%
+-commutative11.5%
unsub-neg11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ PI (- s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (((float) M_PI) / -s);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(pi) / -s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{\pi}{-s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
mul-1-neg10.9%
Simplified10.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024137
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))