UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.9%
Time: 22.7s
Alternatives: 20
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 20 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_0, xi \cdot t\_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin t\_0, yi \cdot t\_1, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))
        (t_1
         (sqrt
          (+
           1.0
           (* (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (* (* ux maxCos) (+ ux -1.0)))))))
   (fma
    (cos t_0)
    (* xi t_1)
    (fma (sin t_0) (* yi t_1) (* (- 1.0 ux) (* zi (* ux maxCos)))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f + (((1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos)) * ((ux * maxCos) * (ux + -1.0f)))));
	return fmaf(cosf(t_0), (xi * t_1), fmaf(sinf(t_0), (yi * t_1), ((1.0f - ux) * (zi * (ux * maxCos)))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos)) * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0))))))
	return fma(cos(t_0), Float32(xi * t_1), fma(sin(t_0), Float32(yi * t_1), Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(zi * Float32(ux * maxCos)))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_0, xi \cdot t\_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin t\_0, yi \cdot t\_1, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l+99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
    3. fma-define99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
  3. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Final simplification99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\\ t_1 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_2 := \sqrt{1 + t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_1 \cdot t\_2, xi, \sin t\_1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot t\_2\right)\right) + zi \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))
        (t_1 (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))
        (t_2 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* t_0 (* (* ux maxCos) (+ ux -1.0)))))))
   (+ (fma (* (cos t_1) t_2) xi (* (sin t_1) (* yi t_2))) (* zi t_0))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos);
	float t_1 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
	float t_2 = sqrtf((1.0f + (t_0 * ((ux * maxCos) * (ux + -1.0f)))));
	return fmaf((cosf(t_1) * t_2), xi, (sinf(t_1) * (yi * t_2))) + (zi * t_0);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos))
	t_1 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
	t_2 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(t_0 * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0))))))
	return Float32(fma(Float32(cos(t_1) * t_2), xi, Float32(sin(t_1) * Float32(yi * t_2))) + Float32(zi * t_0))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\\
t_1 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_2 := \sqrt{1 + t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_1 \cdot t\_2, xi, \sin t\_1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot t\_2\right)\right) + zi \cdot t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}, xi, \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Final simplification99.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}, xi, \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)}\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos - ux \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos t\_0 \cdot xi + \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* uy (* 2.0 PI))))
       (fma
        (- maxCos (* ux maxCos))
        (* ux zi)
        (*
         (sqrt
          (- 1.0 (* maxCos (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux ux) (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos))))))
         (+ (* (cos t_0) xi) (* (sin t_0) yi))))))
    float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
    	float t_0 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
    	return fmaf((maxCos - (ux * maxCos)), (ux * zi), (sqrtf((1.0f - (maxCos * ((1.0f - ux) * ((ux * ux) * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos)))))) * ((cosf(t_0) * xi) + (sinf(t_0) * yi))));
    }
    
    function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
    	t_0 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
    	return fma(Float32(maxCos - Float32(ux * maxCos)), Float32(ux * zi), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos)))))) * Float32(Float32(cos(t_0) * xi) + Float32(sin(t_0) * yi))))
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos - ux \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos t\_0 \cdot xi + \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Simplified99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)}, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg99.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos + \color{blue}{\left(-maxCos \cdot ux\right)}, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
      2. unsub-neg99.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos - maxCos \cdot ux}, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
    6. Simplified99.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos - maxCos \cdot ux}, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
    7. Final simplification99.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos - ux \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\\ t_1 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot t\_0\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot xi + \sin t\_1 \cdot yi\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)) (t_1 (* uy (* 2.0 PI))))
       (fma
        t_0
        (* ux zi)
        (*
         (sqrt (- 1.0 (* maxCos (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux ux) t_0)))))
         (+ (* (cos t_1) xi) (* (sin t_1) yi))))))
    float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
    	float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) * maxCos;
    	float t_1 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
    	return fmaf(t_0, (ux * zi), (sqrtf((1.0f - (maxCos * ((1.0f - ux) * ((ux * ux) * t_0))))) * ((cosf(t_1) * xi) + (sinf(t_1) * yi))));
    }
    
    function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
    	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos)
    	t_1 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
    	return fma(t_0, Float32(ux * zi), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * t_0))))) * Float32(Float32(cos(t_1) * xi) + Float32(sin(t_1) * yi))))
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\\
    t_1 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot t\_0\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot xi + \sin t\_1 \cdot yi\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Simplified99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right)} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Final simplification99.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 - maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right)\right) \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 98.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
       (fma maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi)) (fma xi (cos t_0) (* yi (sin t_0))))))
    float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
    	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
    	return fmaf(maxCos, (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi)), fmaf(xi, cosf(t_0), (yi * sinf(t_0))));
    }
    
    function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
    	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
    	return fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi)), fma(xi, cos(t_0), Float32(yi * sin(t_0))))
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l+99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l*99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
      3. fma-define99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
    3. Simplified99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-define98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
      3. fma-define99.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
    7. Simplified99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 98.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
       (+
        (* zi (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))
        (fma xi (cos t_0) (* yi (sin t_0))))))
    float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
    	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
    	return (zi * ((1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos))) + fmaf(xi, cosf(t_0), (yi * sinf(t_0)));
    }
    
    function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
    	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
    	return Float32(Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos))) + fma(xi, cos(t_0), Float32(yi * sin(t_0))))
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
    zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}, xi, \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. fma-define98.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
      5. Simplified98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
      6. Final simplification98.9%

        \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 98.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
         (+
          (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi)))
          (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
      	return (maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + ((yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0)));
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
      	return Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
      	tmp = (maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + ((yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0)));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
      maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-+l+99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        2. associate-*l*99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      3. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Final simplification98.9%

        \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 95.4% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.008999999612569809:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
         (if (<= (* uy 2.0) 0.008999999612569809)
           (+
            xi
            (+
             (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi)))
             (* uy (+ (* -2.0 (* uy (* xi (pow PI 2.0)))) (* 2.0 (* PI yi))))))
           (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
      	float tmp;
      	if ((uy * 2.0f) <= 0.008999999612569809f) {
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + (uy * ((-2.0f * (uy * (xi * powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f)))) + (2.0f * (((float) M_PI) * yi)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = (yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
      	tmp = Float32(0.0)
      	if (Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) <= Float32(0.008999999612569809))
      		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(xi * (Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi))))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
      	tmp = single(0.0);
      	if ((uy * single(2.0)) <= single(0.008999999612569809))
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + (uy * ((single(-2.0) * (uy * (xi * (single(pi) ^ single(2.0))))) + (single(2.0) * (single(pi) * yi)))));
      	else
      		tmp = (yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
      \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.008999999612569809:\\
      \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 0.00899999961

        1. Initial program 99.2%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 99.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
          2. *-commutative99.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 97.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]

        if 0.00899999961 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

        1. Initial program 98.1%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+98.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*98.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define98.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified98.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 97.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define98.0%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out98.0%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified98.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative95.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*95.9%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/95.8%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified95.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in zi around 0 89.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification95.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.008999999612569809:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 9: 95.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
         (+ (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0))) (* maxCos (* ux zi)))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
      	return ((yi * sinf(t_0)) + (xi * cosf(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
      	return Float32(Float32(Float32(yi * sin(t_0)) + Float32(xi * cos(t_0))) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	t_0 = single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi));
      	tmp = ((yi * sin(t_0)) + (xi * cos(t_0))) + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\
      \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-+l+99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        2. associate-*l*99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      3. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 96.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Final simplification96.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 88.4% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.14000000059604645:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (if (<= (* uy 2.0) 0.14000000059604645)
         (+
          xi
          (+
           (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi)))
           (* uy (+ (* -2.0 (* uy (* xi (pow PI 2.0)))) (* 2.0 (* PI yi))))))
         (*
          zi
          (+ (* ux maxCos) (+ (/ xi zi) (* yi (/ (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) zi)))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float tmp;
      	if ((uy * 2.0f) <= 0.14000000059604645f) {
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + (uy * ((-2.0f * (uy * (xi * powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f)))) + (2.0f * (((float) M_PI) * yi)))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((xi / zi) + (yi * (sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)))) / zi))));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = Float32(0.0)
      	if (Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) <= Float32(0.14000000059604645))
      		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(xi * (Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi))))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) + Float32(Float32(xi / zi) + Float32(yi * Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))) / zi)))));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = single(0.0);
      	if ((uy * single(2.0)) <= single(0.14000000059604645))
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + (uy * ((single(-2.0) * (uy * (xi * (single(pi) ^ single(2.0))))) + (single(2.0) * (single(pi) * yi)))));
      	else
      		tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((xi / zi) + (yi * (sin((single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi)))) / zi))));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.14000000059604645:\\
      \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 0.140000001

        1. Initial program 99.2%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
          2. *-commutative99.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 94.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]

        if 0.140000001 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

        1. Initial program 97.4%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified97.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 97.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified97.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 92.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative92.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*92.8%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/93.1%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified93.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 69.2%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{xi}{zi}} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.0%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.14000000059604645:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + uy \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(xi \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 11: 83.9% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (if (<= uy 0.07000000029802322)
         (+ xi (+ (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi))) (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi)))))
         (* ux (* zi (+ maxCos (/ (* yi (/ (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) zi)) ux))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float tmp;
      	if (uy <= 0.07000000029802322f) {
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = ux * (zi * (maxCos + ((yi * (sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)))) / zi)) / ux)));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = Float32(0.0)
      	if (uy <= Float32(0.07000000029802322))
      		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi)))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float32(ux * Float32(zi * Float32(maxCos + Float32(Float32(yi * Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))) / zi)) / ux))));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = single(0.0);
      	if (uy <= single(0.07000000029802322))
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi))));
      	else
      		tmp = ux * (zi * (maxCos + ((yi * (sin((single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi)))) / zi)) / ux)));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\
      \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}\right)\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if uy < 0.0700000003

        1. Initial program 99.2%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
          2. *-commutative99.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 89.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

        if 0.0700000003 < uy

        1. Initial program 97.4%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified97.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 97.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified97.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 92.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative92.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*92.8%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/93.1%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified93.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in ux around inf 92.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \frac{zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right)} \]
        12. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative92.8%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(\color{blue}{zi \cdot maxCos} + \frac{zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right) \]
          2. associate-/l*92.7%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot maxCos + \color{blue}{zi \cdot \frac{\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}}\right) \]
          3. distribute-lft-out92.7%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}\right)\right)} \]
        13. Simplified92.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \frac{\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}{zi}, yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right)\right)} \]
        14. Taylor expanded in xi around 0 67.5%

          \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}}{ux}\right)\right) \]
        15. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*67.6%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}}{ux}\right)\right) \]
        16. Simplified67.6%

          \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}}{ux}\right)\right) \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification87.3%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 12: 84.1% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (if (<= uy 0.07000000029802322)
         (+ xi (+ (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi))) (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi)))))
         (* zi (+ (* ux maxCos) (/ (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))) zi)))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	float tmp;
      	if (uy <= 0.07000000029802322f) {
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))) / zi));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = Float32(0.0)
      	if (uy <= Float32(0.07000000029802322))
      		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi)))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) + Float32(Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))) / zi)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = single(0.0);
      	if (uy <= single(0.07000000029802322))
      		tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi))));
      	else
      		tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((yi * sin((single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi))))) / zi));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\
      \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if uy < 0.0700000003

        1. Initial program 99.2%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
          2. *-commutative99.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.3%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified99.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 89.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

        if 0.0700000003 < uy

        1. Initial program 97.4%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified97.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 97.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out97.2%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified97.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 92.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative92.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out92.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*92.8%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/93.1%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified93.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in xi around 0 67.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification87.3%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.07000000029802322:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 13: 84.9% accurate, 3.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (* zi (+ (* ux maxCos) (+ (/ xi zi) (* yi (/ (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) zi))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	return zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((xi / zi) + (yi * (sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)))) / zi))));
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	return Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) + Float32(Float32(xi / zi) + Float32(yi * Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))) / zi)))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + ((xi / zi) + (yi * (sin((single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi)))) / zi))));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-+l+99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        2. associate-*l*99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      3. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 98.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. fma-define98.4%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
        2. distribute-rgt-out98.4%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
      7. Simplified98.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r*95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
        2. *-commutative95.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
        3. distribute-rgt-out95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        4. associate-/l*95.7%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
        5. associate-*r/95.7%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
      10. Simplified95.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
      11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 86.8%

        \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{xi}{zi}} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
      12. Final simplification86.8%

        \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \left(\frac{xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
      13. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 14: 81.6% accurate, 24.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (+ xi (+ (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi))) (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi))))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	return xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi))) + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi))));
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	return Float32(xi + Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi)))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = xi + ((maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi))) + (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi))));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-+l+99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        2. associate-*l*99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      3. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. fma-define98.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
        2. *-commutative98.9%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.0%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
      7. Simplified99.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 83.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      9. Final simplification83.7%

        \[\leadsto xi + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right) \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 15: 78.6% accurate, 27.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (+ (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi))) (* zi (+ (* ux maxCos) (/ xi zi)))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	return (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi))) + (zi * ((ux * maxCos) + (xi / zi)));
      }
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi))) + Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) + Float32(xi / zi))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = (single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * yi))) + (zi * ((ux * maxCos) + (xi / zi)));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-+l+99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        2. associate-*l*99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
        3. fma-define99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
      3. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 98.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. fma-define98.4%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
        2. distribute-rgt-out98.4%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
      7. Simplified98.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r*95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
        2. *-commutative95.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
        3. distribute-rgt-out95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        4. associate-/l*95.7%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
        5. associate-*r/95.7%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
      10. Simplified95.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
      11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 81.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \pi\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \frac{xi}{zi}\right)} \]
      12. Final simplification81.2%

        \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right) \]
      13. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 16: 51.5% accurate, 41.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
       :precision binary32
       (+ xi (* zi (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))
      float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
      	return xi + (zi * ((1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos)));
      }
      
      real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
          real(4), intent (in) :: xi
          real(4), intent (in) :: yi
          real(4), intent (in) :: zi
          real(4), intent (in) :: ux
          real(4), intent (in) :: uy
          real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
          code = xi + (zi * ((1.0e0 - ux) * (ux * maxcos)))
      end function
      
      function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	return Float32(xi + Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
      	tmp = xi + (zi * ((single(1.0) - ux) * (ux * maxCos)));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      xi + zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}, xi, \sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right)\right) + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in xi around inf 58.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative58.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
        5. Simplified58.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
        6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0 58.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
        7. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 52.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi} + \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot zi \]
        8. Final simplification52.2%

          \[\leadsto xi + zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 17: 49.1% accurate, 51.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
         :precision binary32
         (* zi (+ (* ux maxCos) (/ xi zi))))
        float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
        	return zi * ((ux * maxCos) + (xi / zi));
        }
        
        real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
            real(4), intent (in) :: xi
            real(4), intent (in) :: yi
            real(4), intent (in) :: zi
            real(4), intent (in) :: ux
            real(4), intent (in) :: uy
            real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
            code = zi * ((ux * maxcos) + (xi / zi))
        end function
        
        function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	return Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) + Float32(xi / zi)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	tmp = zi * ((ux * maxCos) + (xi / zi));
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define98.4%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out98.4%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified98.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative95.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*95.7%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/95.7%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified95.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0 50.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \frac{xi}{zi}\right)} \]
        12. Final simplification50.4%

          \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos + \frac{xi}{zi}\right) \]
        13. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 18: 13.6% accurate, 51.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
         :precision binary32
         (* maxCos (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) zi))))
        float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
        	return maxCos * (ux * ((1.0f - ux) * zi));
        }
        
        real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
            real(4), intent (in) :: xi
            real(4), intent (in) :: yi
            real(4), intent (in) :: zi
            real(4), intent (in) :: ux
            real(4), intent (in) :: uy
            real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
            code = maxcos * (ux * ((1.0e0 - ux) * zi))
        end function
        
        function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	return Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	tmp = maxCos * (ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * zi));
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 13.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Final simplification13.4%

          \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)\right) \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 19: 12.1% accurate, 92.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* ux (* maxCos zi)))
        float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
        	return ux * (maxCos * zi);
        }
        
        real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
            real(4), intent (in) :: xi
            real(4), intent (in) :: yi
            real(4), intent (in) :: zi
            real(4), intent (in) :: ux
            real(4), intent (in) :: uy
            real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
            code = ux * (maxcos * zi)
        end function
        
        function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	return Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos * zi))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	tmp = ux * (maxCos * zi);
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fma-define98.4%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out98.4%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Simplified98.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \sqrt{1 - {\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} + zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \]
          2. *-commutative95.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right) \cdot zi} \]
          3. distribute-rgt-out95.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*95.7%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right) \]
          5. associate-*r/95.7%

            \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}\right)\right) \]
        10. Simplified95.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)\right)} \]
        11. Taylor expanded in ux around inf 95.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \frac{zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right)} \]
        12. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative95.7%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(\color{blue}{zi \cdot maxCos} + \frac{zi \cdot \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right) \]
          2. associate-/l*92.3%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot maxCos + \color{blue}{zi \cdot \frac{\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}}\right) \]
          3. distribute-lft-out92.3%

            \[\leadsto ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{zi}}{ux}\right)\right)} \]
        13. Simplified92.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \frac{\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}{zi}, yi \cdot \frac{\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}{zi}\right)}{ux}\right)\right)} \]
        14. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf 12.3%

          \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos}\right) \]
        15. Final simplification12.3%

          \[\leadsto ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
        16. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 20: 12.1% accurate, 92.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* maxCos (* ux zi)))
        float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
        	return maxCos * (ux * zi);
        }
        
        real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
            real(4), intent (in) :: xi
            real(4), intent (in) :: yi
            real(4), intent (in) :: zi
            real(4), intent (in) :: ux
            real(4), intent (in) :: uy
            real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
            code = maxcos * (ux * zi)
        end function
        
        function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	return Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
        	tmp = maxCos * (ux * zi);
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-+l+99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
          2. associate-*l*99.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi\right)} + \left(\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \]
          3. fma-define99.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot xi, \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
        3. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot yi, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in zi around inf 13.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 12.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024137 
        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
          :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
          :precision binary32
          :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
          (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))