VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.6% → 99.0%
Time: 17.6s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 4.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t\_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t\_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_1 + t\_2}{t\_1 - t\_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  -4.0
  (/
   (log1p
    (+
     (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5))))
     (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (log1p(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return -4.0 * (math.log1p(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5))))))) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5))))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 7.2%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Simplified99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      2. expm1-undefine99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. add-exp-log99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
      4. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-*l*99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      2. +-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
      4. associate-+l+99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. associate-*r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      6. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative5.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      2. associate-*r*5.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. expm1-undefine5.4%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      4. expm1-define99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      6. associate-*r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    9. Final simplification99.2%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right) + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      -4.0
      (/
       (log1p
        (+
         (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5)))) -1.0)
         (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))
       PI)))
    double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 * (log1p((((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + -1.0) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
    }
    
    public static double code(double f) {
    	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p((((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + -1.0) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) / Math.PI);
    }
    
    def code(f):
    	return -4.0 * (math.log1p((((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + -1.0) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) / math.pi)
    
    function code(f)
    	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + -1.0) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) / pi))
    end
    
    code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right) + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 7.2%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Simplified99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing
    4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
        2. expm1-undefine99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
        3. add-exp-log99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
        4. *-commutative99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
        5. *-commutative99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
        6. associate-*l*99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
      3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-neg99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
        2. +-commutative99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
        3. metadata-eval99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
        4. associate-+l+99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
        5. associate-*r*99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
        6. *-commutative99.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
      5. Simplified99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
      6. Final simplification99.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right) + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 99.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (f)
       :precision binary64
       (*
        -4.0
        (/
         (log
          (+ (/ 1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI 0.5)))) (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* PI (* f -0.5))))))
         PI)))
      double code(double f) {
      	return -4.0 * (log(((1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / expm1((((double) M_PI) * (f * -0.5)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
      }
      
      public static double code(double f) {
      	return -4.0 * (Math.log(((1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((Math.PI * (f * -0.5)))))) / Math.PI);
      }
      
      def code(f):
      	return -4.0 * (math.log(((1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * 0.5)))) + (-1.0 / math.expm1((math.pi * (f * -0.5)))))) / math.pi)
      
      function code(f)
      	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log(Float64(Float64(1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * 0.5)))) + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(pi * Float64(f * -0.5)))))) / pi))
      end
      
      code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(Pi * N[(f * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 7.2%

        \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
      2. Simplified99.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing
      4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified99.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 96.6% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (f)
         :precision binary64
         (*
          -4.0
          (/
           (log1p
            (+
             (/
              (-
               (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 PI))
               (* f (+ 0.5 (* f (+ (* PI -0.125) (* PI 0.08333333333333333))))))
              f)
             (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (expm1 (* f (* PI -0.5)))))))
           PI)))
        double code(double f) {
        	return -4.0 * (log1p(((((2.0 * (1.0 / ((double) M_PI))) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((((double) M_PI) * -0.125) + (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / expm1((f * (((double) M_PI) * -0.5))))))) / ((double) M_PI));
        }
        
        public static double code(double f) {
        	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p(((((2.0 * (1.0 / Math.PI)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((Math.PI * -0.125) + (Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / Math.expm1((f * (Math.PI * -0.5))))))) / Math.PI);
        }
        
        def code(f):
        	return -4.0 * (math.log1p(((((2.0 * (1.0 / math.pi)) - (f * (0.5 + (f * ((math.pi * -0.125) + (math.pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) + (-1.0 + (-1.0 / math.expm1((f * (math.pi * -0.5))))))) / math.pi)
        
        function code(f)
        	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / pi)) - Float64(f * Float64(0.5 + Float64(f * Float64(Float64(pi * -0.125) + Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333)))))) / f) + Float64(-1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / expm1(Float64(f * Float64(pi * -0.5))))))) / pi))
        end
        
        code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(f * N[(0.5 + N[(f * N[(N[(Pi * -0.125), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 + N[(-1.0 / N[(Exp[N[(f * N[(Pi * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 7.2%

          \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
        2. Simplified99.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing
        4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
            2. expm1-undefine99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. add-exp-log99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
            4. *-commutative99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
            5. *-commutative99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
            6. associate-*l*99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
          3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. sub-neg99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
            2. +-commutative99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. metadata-eval99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
            4. associate-+l+99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
            5. associate-*r*99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            6. *-commutative99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
          5. Simplified99.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutative5.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5}} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            2. associate-*r*5.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}} - 1} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. expm1-undefine5.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            4. expm1-define99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            5. *-commutative99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.5}\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            6. associate-*r*99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
          8. Simplified99.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 0.5\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}} - \left(1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
          10. Final simplification97.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi} - f \cdot \left(0.5 + f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.125 + \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}{f} + \left(-1 + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
          11. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 96.6% accurate, 4.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + \frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (f)
           :precision binary64
           (*
            -4.0
            (/
             (log1p
              (/
               (+ (* f (+ -1.0 (* PI (* f 0.08333333333333333)))) (* (/ 1.0 PI) 4.0))
               f))
             PI)))
          double code(double f) {
          	return -4.0 * (log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (((double) M_PI) * (f * 0.08333333333333333)))) + ((1.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * 4.0)) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
          }
          
          public static double code(double f) {
          	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (Math.PI * (f * 0.08333333333333333)))) + ((1.0 / Math.PI) * 4.0)) / f)) / Math.PI);
          }
          
          def code(f):
          	return -4.0 * (math.log1p((((f * (-1.0 + (math.pi * (f * 0.08333333333333333)))) + ((1.0 / math.pi) * 4.0)) / f)) / math.pi)
          
          function code(f)
          	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(Float64(Float64(f * Float64(-1.0 + Float64(pi * Float64(f * 0.08333333333333333)))) + Float64(Float64(1.0 / pi) * 4.0)) / f)) / pi))
          end
          
          code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(N[(N[(f * N[(-1.0 + N[(Pi * N[(f * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + \frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4}{f}\right)}{\pi}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 7.2%

            \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
          2. Simplified99.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing
          4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Simplified99.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
              2. expm1-undefine99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
              3. add-exp-log99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
              4. *-commutative99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
              5. *-commutative99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
              6. associate-*l*99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
            3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. sub-neg99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
              2. +-commutative99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
              3. metadata-eval99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
              4. associate-+l+99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
              5. associate-*r*99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
              6. *-commutative99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
            5. Simplified99.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. pow197.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(f \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1}} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              2. distribute-rgt-out97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left({\left(f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right)} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              3. metadata-eval97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left({\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.041666666666666664} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              4. distribute-rgt-out97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left({\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right)\right)}^{1} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              5. metadata-eval97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left({\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right)\right)}^{1} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            8. Applied egg-rr97.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}^{1}} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            9. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow197.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 - \pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              2. distribute-lft-out--97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.041666666666666664 - -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              3. metadata-eval97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}\right) - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              4. *-commutative97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot f} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
              5. associate-*l*97.4%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot f\right)} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            10. Simplified97.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.08333333333333333 \cdot f\right)} - 1\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            11. Final simplification97.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{f \cdot \left(-1 + \pi \cdot \left(f \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) + \frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
            12. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 96.5% accurate, 4.5× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (f)
             :precision binary64
             (*
              (log (/ (+ (* (/ 1.0 PI) 4.0) (* (* PI 0.08333333333333333) (* f f))) f))
              (/ -4.0 PI)))
            double code(double f) {
            	return log(((((1.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * 4.0) + ((((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333) * (f * f))) / f)) * (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI));
            }
            
            public static double code(double f) {
            	return Math.log(((((1.0 / Math.PI) * 4.0) + ((Math.PI * 0.08333333333333333) * (f * f))) / f)) * (-4.0 / Math.PI);
            }
            
            def code(f):
            	return math.log(((((1.0 / math.pi) * 4.0) + ((math.pi * 0.08333333333333333) * (f * f))) / f)) * (-4.0 / math.pi)
            
            function code(f)
            	return Float64(log(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / pi) * 4.0) + Float64(Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333) * Float64(f * f))) / f)) * Float64(-4.0 / pi))
            end
            
            function tmp = code(f)
            	tmp = log(((((1.0 / pi) * 4.0) + ((pi * 0.08333333333333333) * (f * f))) / f)) * (-4.0 / pi);
            end
            
            code[f_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[(f * f), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 7.2%

              \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
            2. Simplified99.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing
            4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.3%

              \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. pow197.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi\right) - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1}} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              2. distribute-rgt-out97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 + 0.125\right)} - \left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              3. fma-neg97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, -0.08333333333333333 + 0.125, -\left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)}^{1} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              4. metadata-eval97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \color{blue}{0.041666666666666664}, -\left(-0.125 \cdot \pi + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{1} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              5. distribute-rgt-out97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.041666666666666664, -\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.125 + 0.08333333333333333\right)}\right)\right)}^{1} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              6. metadata-eval97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.041666666666666664, -\pi \cdot \color{blue}{-0.041666666666666664}\right)\right)}^{1} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            6. Applied egg-rr97.3%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left({f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.041666666666666664, -\pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)}^{1}} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow197.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, 0.041666666666666664, -\pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              2. fma-undefine97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 + \left(-\pi \cdot -0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              3. distribute-rgt-neg-in97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 + \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(--0.041666666666666664\right)}\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              4. metadata-eval97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.041666666666666664 + \pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.041666666666666664}\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              5. distribute-lft-out97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.041666666666666664 + 0.041666666666666664\right)\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              6. metadata-eval97.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            8. Simplified97.3%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{f}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            9. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow297.3%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot f\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            10. Applied egg-rr97.3%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot f\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            11. Final simplification97.3%

              \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\pi} \cdot 4 + \left(\pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right)}{f}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            12. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 7: 96.1% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (* -4.0 (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI))
            double code(double f) {
            	return (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f))) / ((double) M_PI);
            }
            
            public static double code(double f) {
            	return (-4.0 * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f))) / Math.PI;
            }
            
            def code(f):
            	return (-4.0 * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))) / math.pi
            
            function code(f)
            	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi)
            end
            
            function tmp = code(f)
            	tmp = (-4.0 * log(((4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi;
            end
            
            code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 7.2%

              \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
            2. Simplified99.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing
            4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. mul-1-neg97.0%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}}{\pi} \]
              2. unsub-neg97.0%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}}{\pi} \]
            6. Simplified97.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f}{\pi}} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r/97.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
              2. diff-log96.9%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
            8. Applied egg-rr96.9%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}} \]
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 8: 96.0% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ -4.0 PI) (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))))
            double code(double f) {
            	return (-4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f));
            }
            
            public static double code(double f) {
            	return (-4.0 / Math.PI) * Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f));
            }
            
            def code(f):
            	return (-4.0 / math.pi) * math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f))
            
            function code(f)
            	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 / pi) * log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f)))
            end
            
            function tmp = code(f)
            	tmp = (-4.0 / pi) * log(((4.0 / pi) / f));
            end
            
            code[f_] := N[(N[(-4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 7.2%

              \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
            2. Simplified99.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing
            4. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.8%

              \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutative96.8%

                \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
              2. associate-/r*96.8%

                \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            6. Simplified96.8%

              \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
            7. Final simplification96.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right) \]
            8. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 9: 95.3% accurate, 4.9× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* -4.0 (/ (log1p (/ 4.0 (* f PI))) PI)))
            double code(double f) {
            	return -4.0 * (log1p((4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI)))) / ((double) M_PI));
            }
            
            public static double code(double f) {
            	return -4.0 * (Math.log1p((4.0 / (f * Math.PI))) / Math.PI);
            }
            
            def code(f):
            	return -4.0 * (math.log1p((4.0 / (f * math.pi))) / math.pi)
            
            function code(f)
            	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(log1p(Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))) / pi))
            end
            
            code[f_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[Log[1 + N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 7.2%

              \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
            2. Simplified99.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing
            4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Simplified99.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
                2. expm1-undefine99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
                3. add-exp-log99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                4. *-commutative99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                5. *-commutative99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                6. associate-*l*99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
              3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. sub-neg99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
                2. +-commutative99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
                3. metadata-eval99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
                4. associate-+l+99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
                5. associate-*r*99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
                6. *-commutative99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
              5. Simplified99.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)}{\pi} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutative96.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
              8. Simplified96.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
              9. Final simplification96.2%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}{\pi} \]
              10. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 10: 5.5% accurate, 5.0× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-16}{f \cdot {\pi}^{2}} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ -16.0 (* f (pow PI 2.0))))
              double code(double f) {
              	return -16.0 / (f * pow(((double) M_PI), 2.0));
              }
              
              public static double code(double f) {
              	return -16.0 / (f * Math.pow(Math.PI, 2.0));
              }
              
              def code(f):
              	return -16.0 / (f * math.pow(math.pi, 2.0))
              
              function code(f)
              	return Float64(-16.0 / Float64(f * (pi ^ 2.0)))
              end
              
              function tmp = code(f)
              	tmp = -16.0 / (f * (pi ^ 2.0));
              end
              
              code[f_] := N[(-16.0 / N[(f * N[Power[Pi, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \frac{-16}{f \cdot {\pi}^{2}}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 7.2%

                \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
              2. Simplified99.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
              3. Add Preprocessing
              4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi}} \]
              5. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Simplified99.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. log1p-expm1-u99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
                  2. expm1-undefine99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1}\right)}{\pi} \]
                  3. add-exp-log99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}\right)} - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                  4. *-commutative99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                  5. *-commutative99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                  6. associate-*l*99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}{\pi} \]
                3. Applied egg-rr99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) - 1\right)}}{\pi} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. sub-neg99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
                  2. +-commutative99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
                  3. metadata-eval99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\pi} \]
                  4. associate-+l+99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
                  5. associate-*r*99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi}\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
                  6. *-commutative99.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
                5. Simplified99.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(f \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \pi\right)} + \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} + -1\right)\right)}}{\pi} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}}\right)}{\pi} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutative96.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
                8. Simplified96.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-16}{f \cdot {\pi}^{2}}} \]
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 11: 3.1% accurate, 5.3× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log 0 \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (log 0.0))
                double code(double f) {
                	return log(0.0);
                }
                
                real(8) function code(f)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: f
                    code = log(0.0d0)
                end function
                
                public static double code(double f) {
                	return Math.log(0.0);
                }
                
                def code(f):
                	return math.log(0.0)
                
                function code(f)
                	return log(0.0)
                end
                
                function tmp = code(f)
                	tmp = log(0.0);
                end
                
                code[f_] := N[Log[0.0], $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \log 0
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 7.2%

                  \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
                2. Simplified99.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot f\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}} \]
                3. Add Preprocessing
                4. Taylor expanded in f around inf 5.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{e^{0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right)} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. expm1-define5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  2. metadata-eval5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left|-0.5\right|} \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  3. *-commutative5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|-0.5\right| \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot f\right)}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  4. rem-square-sqrt5.3%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|-0.5\right| \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot f} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot f}\right)}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  5. fabs-sqr5.3%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|-0.5\right| \cdot \color{blue}{\left|\sqrt{\pi \cdot f} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot f}\right|}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  6. rem-square-sqrt5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|-0.5\right| \cdot \left|\color{blue}{\pi \cdot f}\right|\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  7. fabs-mul5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left|-0.5 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot f\right)\right|}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  8. *-commutative5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5}\right|\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  9. associate-*r*5.4%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right|\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  10. rem-square-sqrt0.0%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}}\right|\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  11. fabs-sqr0.0%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  12. rem-square-sqrt0.3%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} - \frac{1}{e^{-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - 1}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                  13. expm1-define0.7%

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(f \cdot -0.5\right)\right)} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(-0.5 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                6. Simplified0.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log 0} \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. add-log-exp0.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\log 0 \cdot \frac{-4}{\pi}}\right)} \]
                  2. exp-to-pow0.7%

                    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left({0}^{\left(\frac{-4}{\pi}\right)}\right)} \]
                8. Applied egg-rr0.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left({0}^{\left(\frac{-4}{\pi}\right)}\right)} \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. pow-base-03.1%

                    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{0} \]
                10. Simplified3.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log 0} \]
                11. Add Preprocessing

                Reproduce

                ?
                herbie shell --seed 2024135 
                (FPCore (f)
                  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
                  :precision binary64
                  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))