
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/ (exp (/ (* -0.3333333333333333 r) s)) r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, (expf(((-0.3333333333333333f * r) / s)) / r), (t_0 * (expf((-r / s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * r) / s)) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{e^{\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot r}{s}}}{r}, t\_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ (* -0.3333333333333333 r) s)) (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* s PI) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf(((-0.3333333333333333f * r) / s)) + expf((-r / s))) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * r) / s)) + exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp(((single(-0.3333333333333333) * r) / s)) + exp((-r / s))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot r}{s}} + e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) (* (* s PI) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((-r / s)) + expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((-r / s)) + exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
mul-1-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
expm1-log1p-u99.5%
expm1-undefine99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
log1p-undefine99.5%
rem-exp-log99.5%
associate-+r-99.5%
expm1-undefine99.5%
rem-exp-log99.5%
log1p-define99.5%
log1p-expm199.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
Simplified99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.2%
*-commutative9.2%
associate-*l*9.2%
*-commutative9.2%
Simplified9.2%
log1p-expm1-u49.5%
Applied egg-rr49.5%
Final simplification49.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (+ (* (/ r (* PI (pow s 2.0))) 0.06944444444444445) (/ (/ 0.25 PI) r)) (/ -0.16666666666666666 (* s PI))) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((r / (((float) M_PI) * powf(s, 2.0f))) * 0.06944444444444445f) + ((0.25f / ((float) M_PI)) / r)) + (-0.16666666666666666f / (s * ((float) M_PI)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(Float32(pi) * (s ^ Float32(2.0)))) * Float32(0.06944444444444445)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(pi)) / r)) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((r / (single(pi) * (s ^ single(2.0)))) * single(0.06944444444444445)) + ((single(0.25) / single(pi)) / r)) + (single(-0.16666666666666666) / (s * single(pi)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(\frac{r}{\pi \cdot {s}^{2}} \cdot 0.06944444444444445 + \frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi}}{r}\right) + \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{s \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.9%
Simplified10.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (* 0.06944444444444445 (/ (/ r (pow s 2.0)) PI)) (+ (/ -0.16666666666666666 (* s PI)) (/ 0.25 (* PI r)))) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.06944444444444445f * ((r / powf(s, 2.0f)) / ((float) M_PI))) + ((-0.16666666666666666f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) + (0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * r)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.06944444444444445) * Float32(Float32(r / (s ^ Float32(2.0))) / Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.06944444444444445) * ((r / (s ^ single(2.0))) / single(pi))) + ((single(-0.16666666666666666) / (s * single(pi))) + (single(0.25) / (single(pi) * r)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{\frac{r}{{s}^{2}}}{\pi} + \left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{s \cdot \pi} + \frac{0.25}{\pi \cdot r}\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.9%
Simplified10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(+
(/
(+
(* 0.125 (/ (+ (* 0.05555555555555555 (/ r PI)) (* (/ r PI) 0.5)) s))
(* 0.16666666666666666 (/ -1.0 PI)))
s)
(* 0.25 (/ 1.0 (* PI r))))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((0.125f * (((0.05555555555555555f * (r / ((float) M_PI))) + ((r / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f)) / s)) + (0.16666666666666666f * (-1.0f / ((float) M_PI)))) / s) + (0.25f * (1.0f / (((float) M_PI) * r)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) * Float32(r / Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5))) / s)) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(pi)))) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((single(0.125) * (((single(0.05555555555555555) * (r / single(pi))) + ((r / single(pi)) * single(0.5))) / s)) + (single(0.16666666666666666) * (single(-1.0) / single(pi)))) / s) + (single(0.25) * (single(1.0) / (single(pi) * r)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125 \cdot \frac{0.05555555555555555 \cdot \frac{r}{\pi} + \frac{r}{\pi} \cdot 0.5}{s} + 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{-1}{\pi}}{s} + 0.25 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/ 0.25 (* PI r))
(/
(+ (/ (* (/ r PI) -0.06944444444444445) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI))
s))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * r)) - (((((r / ((float) M_PI)) * -0.06944444444444445f) / s) + (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r)) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (single(pi) * r)) - (((((r / single(pi)) * single(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi \cdot r} - \frac{\frac{\frac{r}{\pi} \cdot -0.06944444444444445}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.9%
mul-1-neg10.9%
Simplified10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/
(- (/ -0.16666666666666666 PI) (/ (* r -0.06944444444444445) (* s PI)))
s)
(/ -0.25 (* PI r)))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((-0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI)) - ((r * -0.06944444444444445f) / (s * ((float) M_PI)))) / s) - (-0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * r))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi)) - Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.06944444444444445)) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) / s) - Float32(Float32(-0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((single(-0.16666666666666666) / single(pi)) - ((r * single(-0.06944444444444445)) / (s * single(pi)))) / s) - (single(-0.25) / (single(pi) * r))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\pi} - \frac{r \cdot -0.06944444444444445}{s \cdot \pi}}{s} - \frac{-0.25}{\pi \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
pow-exp99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
add-cube-cbrt99.5%
pow399.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 10.9%
mul-1-neg10.9%
distribute-neg-frac210.9%
Simplified10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (/ (/ 0.25 PI) r) (/ -0.16666666666666666 (* s PI))) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.25f / ((float) M_PI)) / r) + (-0.16666666666666666f / (s * ((float) M_PI)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(pi)) / r) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.25) / single(pi)) / r) + (single(-0.16666666666666666) / (s * single(pi)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi}}{r} + \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{s \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.8%
sub-neg9.8%
associate-*r/9.8%
metadata-eval9.8%
associate-*r/9.8%
metadata-eval9.8%
*-commutative9.8%
associate-/r*9.9%
distribute-neg-frac9.9%
metadata-eval9.9%
Simplified9.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (* PI r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * (((float) M_PI) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (s * (single(pi) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot r\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
times-frac99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
associate-/r*99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
times-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.2%
*-commutative9.2%
associate-*l*9.2%
*-commutative9.2%
Simplified9.2%
Final simplification9.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s PI) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((s * single(pi)) * r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.2%
Final simplification9.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024135
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))