
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ x y) (- 1.0 z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = (x + y) * (1.0d0 - z)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
def code(x, y, z): return (x + y) * (1.0 - z)
function code(x, y, z) return Float64(Float64(x + y) * Float64(1.0 - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = (x + y) * (1.0 - z); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(1 - z\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ x y) (- 1.0 z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = (x + y) * (1.0d0 - z)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
def code(x, y, z): return (x + y) * (1.0 - z)
function code(x, y, z) return Float64(Float64(x + y) * Float64(1.0 - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = (x + y) * (1.0 - z); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(1 - z\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (- (+ x y) (* (+ x y) z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) - ((x + y) * z);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = (x + y) - ((x + y) * z)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) - ((x + y) * z);
}
def code(x, y, z): return (x + y) - ((x + y) * z)
function code(x, y, z) return Float64(Float64(x + y) - Float64(Float64(x + y) * z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = (x + y) - ((x + y) * z); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x + y\right) - \left(x + y\right) \cdot z
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
distribute-lft-in100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
*-un-lft-identity100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y z)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (- 1.0 z) 0.999995)
(* y (- 1.0 z))
(if (<= (- 1.0 z) 2.0)
(+ x y)
(if (<= (- 1.0 z) 5e+106) (* y (- z)) (* x (- z))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((1.0 - z) <= 0.999995) {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
} else if ((1.0 - z) <= 2.0) {
tmp = x + y;
} else if ((1.0 - z) <= 5e+106) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x * -z;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if ((1.0d0 - z) <= 0.999995d0) then
tmp = y * (1.0d0 - z)
else if ((1.0d0 - z) <= 2.0d0) then
tmp = x + y
else if ((1.0d0 - z) <= 5d+106) then
tmp = y * -z
else
tmp = x * -z
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((1.0 - z) <= 0.999995) {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
} else if ((1.0 - z) <= 2.0) {
tmp = x + y;
} else if ((1.0 - z) <= 5e+106) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x * -z;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if (1.0 - z) <= 0.999995: tmp = y * (1.0 - z) elif (1.0 - z) <= 2.0: tmp = x + y elif (1.0 - z) <= 5e+106: tmp = y * -z else: tmp = x * -z return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(1.0 - z) <= 0.999995) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(1.0 - z)); elseif (Float64(1.0 - z) <= 2.0) tmp = Float64(x + y); elseif (Float64(1.0 - z) <= 5e+106) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-z)); else tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if ((1.0 - z) <= 0.999995) tmp = y * (1.0 - z); elseif ((1.0 - z) <= 2.0) tmp = x + y; elseif ((1.0 - z) <= 5e+106) tmp = y * -z; else tmp = x * -z; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision], 0.999995], N[(y * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision], 5e+106], N[(y * (-z)), $MachinePrecision], N[(x * (-z)), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;1 - z \leq 0.999995:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(1 - z\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;1 - z \leq 2:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\
\mathbf{elif}\;1 - z \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-z\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-z\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) z) < 0.99999499999999997Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 52.7%
if 0.99999499999999997 < (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) z) < 2Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 98.0%
+-commutative98.0%
Simplified98.0%
if 2 < (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) z) < 4.9999999999999998e106Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 100.0%
neg-mul-1100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 58.8%
associate-*r*58.8%
mul-1-neg58.8%
Simplified58.8%
if 4.9999999999999998e106 < (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) z) Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 56.9%
*-commutative56.9%
Simplified56.9%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 56.9%
neg-mul-1100.0%
Simplified56.9%
Final simplification76.9%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= z -1.15e+110) (* x (- z)) (if (or (<= z -10.5) (not (<= z 1.0))) (* y (- z)) (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (z <= -1.15e+110) {
tmp = x * -z;
} else if ((z <= -10.5) || !(z <= 1.0)) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (z <= (-1.15d+110)) then
tmp = x * -z
else if ((z <= (-10.5d0)) .or. (.not. (z <= 1.0d0))) then
tmp = y * -z
else
tmp = x + y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (z <= -1.15e+110) {
tmp = x * -z;
} else if ((z <= -10.5) || !(z <= 1.0)) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if z <= -1.15e+110: tmp = x * -z elif (z <= -10.5) or not (z <= 1.0): tmp = y * -z else: tmp = x + y return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (z <= -1.15e+110) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-z)); elseif ((z <= -10.5) || !(z <= 1.0)) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-z)); else tmp = Float64(x + y); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (z <= -1.15e+110) tmp = x * -z; elseif ((z <= -10.5) || ~((z <= 1.0))) tmp = y * -z; else tmp = x + y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[z, -1.15e+110], N[(x * (-z)), $MachinePrecision], If[Or[LessEqual[z, -10.5], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(y * (-z)), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -1.15 \cdot 10^{+110}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-z\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;z \leq -10.5 \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1\right):\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-z\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -1.15e110Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 56.9%
*-commutative56.9%
Simplified56.9%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 56.9%
neg-mul-1100.0%
Simplified56.9%
if -1.15e110 < z < -10.5 or 1 < z Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 97.8%
neg-mul-197.8%
Simplified97.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 55.0%
associate-*r*55.0%
mul-1-neg55.0%
Simplified55.0%
if -10.5 < z < 1Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 97.0%
+-commutative97.0%
Simplified97.0%
Final simplification77.0%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= z -9.0) (not (<= z 1.0))) (* y (- z)) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -9.0) || !(z <= 1.0)) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if ((z <= (-9.0d0)) .or. (.not. (z <= 1.0d0))) then
tmp = y * -z
else
tmp = x + y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -9.0) || !(z <= 1.0)) {
tmp = y * -z;
} else {
tmp = x + y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if (z <= -9.0) or not (z <= 1.0): tmp = y * -z else: tmp = x + y return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if ((z <= -9.0) || !(z <= 1.0)) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-z)); else tmp = Float64(x + y); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if ((z <= -9.0) || ~((z <= 1.0))) tmp = y * -z; else tmp = x + y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -9.0], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(y * (-z)), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -9 \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1\right):\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-z\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -9 or 1 < z Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 98.5%
neg-mul-198.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 55.4%
associate-*r*55.4%
mul-1-neg55.4%
Simplified55.4%
if -9 < z < 1Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 97.0%
+-commutative97.0%
Simplified97.0%
Final simplification76.9%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= (+ x y) -5e-257) (- x (* x z)) (- y (* y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((x + y) <= -5e-257) {
tmp = x - (x * z);
} else {
tmp = y - (y * z);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x + y) <= (-5d-257)) then
tmp = x - (x * z)
else
tmp = y - (y * z)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((x + y) <= -5e-257) {
tmp = x - (x * z);
} else {
tmp = y - (y * z);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if (x + y) <= -5e-257: tmp = x - (x * z) else: tmp = y - (y * z) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(x + y) <= -5e-257) tmp = Float64(x - Float64(x * z)); else tmp = Float64(y - Float64(y * z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if ((x + y) <= -5e-257) tmp = x - (x * z); else tmp = y - (y * z); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], -5e-257], N[(x - N[(x * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(y - N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-257}:\\
\;\;\;\;x - x \cdot z\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y - y \cdot z\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f64 x y) < -4.99999999999999989e-257Initial program 100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
distribute-lft-in100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
*-un-lft-identity100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 54.1%
mul-1-neg54.1%
unsub-neg54.1%
*-commutative54.1%
Applied egg-rr54.1%
if -4.99999999999999989e-257 < (+.f64 x y) Initial program 100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
distribute-lft-in100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
*-un-lft-identity100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 54.7%
associate-*r*54.7%
mul-1-neg54.7%
Simplified54.7%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 54.7%
mul-1-neg54.7%
unsub-neg54.7%
distribute-lft-out--54.7%
*-rgt-identity54.7%
Simplified54.7%
Final simplification54.4%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -7.1e-115) (- x (* x z)) (* y (- 1.0 z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.1e-115) {
tmp = x - (x * z);
} else {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-7.1d-115)) then
tmp = x - (x * z)
else
tmp = y * (1.0d0 - z)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.1e-115) {
tmp = x - (x * z);
} else {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if x <= -7.1e-115: tmp = x - (x * z) else: tmp = y * (1.0 - z) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -7.1e-115) tmp = Float64(x - Float64(x * z)); else tmp = Float64(y * Float64(1.0 - z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -7.1e-115) tmp = x - (x * z); else tmp = y * (1.0 - z); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -7.1e-115], N[(x - N[(x * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -7.1 \cdot 10^{-115}:\\
\;\;\;\;x - x \cdot z\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(1 - z\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -7.0999999999999998e-115Initial program 100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
distribute-lft-in100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
*-un-lft-identity100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 66.7%
mul-1-neg66.7%
unsub-neg66.7%
*-commutative66.7%
Applied egg-rr66.7%
if -7.0999999999999998e-115 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.6%
Final simplification62.6%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -7.1e-115) (* x (- 1.0 z)) (* y (- 1.0 z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.1e-115) {
tmp = x * (1.0 - z);
} else {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-7.1d-115)) then
tmp = x * (1.0d0 - z)
else
tmp = y * (1.0d0 - z)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7.1e-115) {
tmp = x * (1.0 - z);
} else {
tmp = y * (1.0 - z);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if x <= -7.1e-115: tmp = x * (1.0 - z) else: tmp = y * (1.0 - z) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -7.1e-115) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(1.0 - z)); else tmp = Float64(y * Float64(1.0 - z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -7.1e-115) tmp = x * (1.0 - z); else tmp = y * (1.0 - z); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -7.1e-115], N[(x * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -7.1 \cdot 10^{-115}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(1 - z\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -7.0999999999999998e-115Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 66.7%
*-commutative66.7%
Simplified66.7%
if -7.0999999999999998e-115 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.6%
Final simplification62.6%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ x y) (- 1.0 z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = (x + y) * (1.0d0 - z)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return (x + y) * (1.0 - z);
}
def code(x, y, z): return (x + y) * (1.0 - z)
function code(x, y, z) return Float64(Float64(x + y) * Float64(1.0 - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = (x + y) * (1.0 - z); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(1 - z\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.25e-115) x y))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.25e-115) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.25d-115)) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.25e-115) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = y;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.25e-115: tmp = x else: tmp = y return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.25e-115) tmp = x; else tmp = y; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.25e-115) tmp = x; else tmp = y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.25e-115], x, y]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.25 \cdot 10^{-115}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.2500000000000001e-115Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 50.6%
+-commutative50.6%
Simplified50.6%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 32.2%
if -1.2500000000000001e-115 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 52.3%
+-commutative52.3%
Simplified52.3%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 30.9%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (+ x y))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return x + y;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = x + y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return x + y;
}
def code(x, y, z): return x + y
function code(x, y, z) return Float64(x + y) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = x + y; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + y
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 51.8%
+-commutative51.8%
Simplified51.8%
Final simplification51.8%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return x;
}
def code(x, y, z): return x
function code(x, y, z) return x end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = x; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 51.8%
+-commutative51.8%
Simplified51.8%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 26.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024135
(FPCore (x y z)
:name "Optimisation.CirclePacking:place from circle-packing-0.1.0.4, H"
:precision binary64
(* (+ x y) (- 1.0 z)))