
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (+ y (+ x (* y -2.0))) (+ y x)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (y + (x + (y * -2.0))) / (y + x);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (y + (x + (y * (-2.0d0)))) / (y + x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (y + (x + (y * -2.0))) / (y + x);
}
def code(x, y): return (y + (x + (y * -2.0))) / (y + x)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(y + Float64(x + Float64(y * -2.0))) / Float64(y + x)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (y + (x + (y * -2.0))) / (y + x); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(y + N[(x + N[(y * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{y + \left(x + y \cdot -2\right)}{y + x}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
*-un-lft-identity99.9%
*-un-lft-identity99.9%
prod-diff99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
*-un-lft-identity99.9%
fma-neg99.9%
*-un-lft-identity99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
*-un-lft-identity99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
fma-undefine99.9%
*-rgt-identity99.9%
associate-+r+99.9%
+-commutative99.9%
sub-neg99.9%
associate-+l+100.0%
neg-mul-1100.0%
neg-mul-1100.0%
distribute-rgt-out100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -8.2e+61) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (if (<= x 3.6e+100) (+ (* 2.0 (/ x y)) -1.0) (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -8.2e+61) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 3.6e+100) {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-8.2d+61)) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else if (x <= 3.6d+100) then
tmp = (2.0d0 * (x / y)) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -8.2e+61) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 3.6e+100) {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -8.2e+61: tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) elif x <= 3.6e+100: tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -8.2e+61) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); elseif (x <= 3.6e+100) tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(x / y)) + -1.0); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -8.2e+61) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); elseif (x <= 3.6e+100) tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0; else tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -8.2e+61], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 3.6e+100], N[(N[(2.0 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{+100}:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8.19999999999999944e61Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.5%
mul-1-neg87.5%
unsub-neg87.5%
Simplified87.5%
if -8.19999999999999944e61 < x < 3.6e100Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.9%
if 3.6e100 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 82.3%
Final simplification79.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -2.2e+63) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (if (<= x 3.6e+107) (/ y (- (- y) x)) (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.2e+63) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 3.6e+107) {
tmp = y / (-y - x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-2.2d+63)) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else if (x <= 3.6d+107) then
tmp = y / (-y - x)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.2e+63) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 3.6e+107) {
tmp = y / (-y - x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -2.2e+63: tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) elif x <= 3.6e+107: tmp = y / (-y - x) else: tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -2.2e+63) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); elseif (x <= 3.6e+107) tmp = Float64(y / Float64(Float64(-y) - x)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -2.2e+63) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); elseif (x <= 3.6e+107) tmp = y / (-y - x); else tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -2.2e+63], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 3.6e+107], N[(y / N[((-y) - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{+107}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{\left(-y\right) - x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -2.1999999999999999e63Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.5%
mul-1-neg87.5%
unsub-neg87.5%
Simplified87.5%
if -2.1999999999999999e63 < x < 3.5999999999999998e107Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.6%
neg-mul-174.6%
Simplified74.6%
if 3.5999999999999998e107 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 85.1%
Final simplification78.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -8.5e+61) (not (<= x 2.8e+99))) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (+ (/ x y) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -8.5e+61) || !(x <= 2.8e+99)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-8.5d+61)) .or. (.not. (x <= 2.8d+99))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else
tmp = (x / y) + (-1.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -8.5e+61) || !(x <= 2.8e+99)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -8.5e+61) or not (x <= 2.8e+99): tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) else: tmp = (x / y) + -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -8.5e+61) || !(x <= 2.8e+99)) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x / y) + -1.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -8.5e+61) || ~((x <= 2.8e+99))) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); else tmp = (x / y) + -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -8.5e+61], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 2.8e+99]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+61} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{+99}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8.50000000000000035e61 or 2.8e99 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 84.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 84.5%
mul-1-neg84.5%
unsub-neg84.5%
Simplified84.5%
if -8.50000000000000035e61 < x < 2.8e99Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.1%
neg-mul-175.1%
Simplified75.1%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 75.2%
Final simplification78.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -4.5e+61) (not (<= x 3.2e+107))) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) -1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4.5e+61) || !(x <= 3.2e+107)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-4.5d+61)) .or. (.not. (x <= 3.2d+107))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4.5e+61) || !(x <= 3.2e+107)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -4.5e+61) or not (x <= 3.2e+107): tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -4.5e+61) || !(x <= 3.2e+107)) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -4.5e+61) || ~((x <= 3.2e+107))) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -4.5e+61], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 3.2e+107]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.5 \cdot 10^{+61} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{+107}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.5e61 or 3.20000000000000029e107 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 85.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 86.0%
mul-1-neg86.0%
unsub-neg86.0%
Simplified86.0%
if -4.5e61 < x < 3.20000000000000029e107Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 73.9%
Final simplification78.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -2e+65) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (if (<= x 1e+100) (+ (/ x y) -1.0) (/ x (+ y x)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2e+65) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 1e+100) {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = x / (y + x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-2d+65)) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else if (x <= 1d+100) then
tmp = (x / y) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = x / (y + x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2e+65) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 1e+100) {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = x / (y + x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -2e+65: tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) elif x <= 1e+100: tmp = (x / y) + -1.0 else: tmp = x / (y + x) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -2e+65) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); elseif (x <= 1e+100) tmp = Float64(Float64(x / y) + -1.0); else tmp = Float64(x / Float64(y + x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -2e+65) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); elseif (x <= 1e+100) tmp = (x / y) + -1.0; else tmp = x / (y + x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -2e+65], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1e+100], N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(x / N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+65}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 10^{+100}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y + x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -2e65Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.5%
mul-1-neg87.5%
unsub-neg87.5%
Simplified87.5%
if -2e65 < x < 1.00000000000000002e100Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.1%
neg-mul-175.1%
Simplified75.1%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 75.2%
if 1.00000000000000002e100 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 81.8%
Final simplification78.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -4.4e+61) 1.0 (if (<= x 2e+105) -1.0 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.4e+61) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e+105) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-4.4d+61)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 2d+105) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.4e+61) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e+105) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -4.4e+61: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 2e+105: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -4.4e+61) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e+105) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -4.4e+61) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e+105) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -4.4e+61], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 2e+105], -1.0, 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.4 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+105}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.4000000000000001e61 or 1.9999999999999999e105 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 84.8%
if -4.4000000000000001e61 < x < 1.9999999999999999e105Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ y x)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (y + x);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (y + x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (y + x);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (y + x)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(y + x)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (y + x); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{y + x}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 52.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
def code(x, y): return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + y)) - Float64(y / Float64(x + y))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x}{x + y} - \frac{y}{x + y}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024135
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Data.Colour.RGB:hslsv from colour-2.3.3, D"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y))))
(/ (- x y) (+ x y)))