b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.1% → 38.4%
Time: 1.5min
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 919.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 38.4% accurate, 12.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)} + -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b_m 3.2e-49)
   (* (* 0.25 a_m) (+ (exp (log1p (* x-scale_m 4.0))) -1.0))
   (* a_m x-scale_m)))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 3.2e-49) {
		tmp = (0.25 * a_m) * (exp(log1p((x_45_scale_m * 4.0))) + -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 3.2e-49) {
		tmp = (0.25 * a_m) * (Math.exp(Math.log1p((x_45_scale_m * 4.0))) + -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
b_m = math.fabs(b)
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
	tmp = 0
	if b_m <= 3.2e-49:
		tmp = (0.25 * a_m) * (math.exp(math.log1p((x_45_scale_m * 4.0))) + -1.0)
	else:
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m
	return tmp
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_m <= 3.2e-49)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.25 * a_m) * Float64(exp(log1p(Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0))) + -1.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 3.2e-49], N[(N[(0.25 * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[Log[1 + N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)} + -1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 3.20000000000000002e-49

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 23.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*23.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative23.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified23.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u20.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-undefine27.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]
      3. sqrt-unprod27.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right)} - 1\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval27.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right)} - 1\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval27.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right)} - 1\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr27.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)} - 1\right)} \]

    if 3.20000000000000002e-49 < b

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 31.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*31.7%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative31.7%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified31.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod32.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval32.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval32.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr32.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 32.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification28.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)} + -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot x-scale\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 35.7% accurate, 13.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-208}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{a\_m \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b_m 6.5e-208)
   (* 0.25 (log (exp (* a_m (* x-scale_m 4.0)))))
   (* a_m x-scale_m)))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 6.5e-208) {
		tmp = 0.25 * log(exp((a_m * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
real(8) function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b_m <= 6.5d-208) then
        tmp = 0.25d0 * log(exp((a_m * (x_45scale_m * 4.0d0))))
    else
        tmp = a_m * x_45scale_m
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 6.5e-208) {
		tmp = 0.25 * Math.log(Math.exp((a_m * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
b_m = math.fabs(b)
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
	tmp = 0
	if b_m <= 6.5e-208:
		tmp = 0.25 * math.log(math.exp((a_m * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))))
	else:
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m
	return tmp
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_m <= 6.5e-208)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * log(exp(Float64(a_m * Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = abs(a);
b_m = abs(b);
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b_m <= 6.5e-208)
		tmp = 0.25 * log(exp((a_m * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))));
	else
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 6.5e-208], N[(0.25 * N[Log[N[Exp[N[(a$95$m * N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-208}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{a\_m \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 6.4999999999999998e-208

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 23.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*23.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative23.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified23.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-log-exp28.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l*28.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      3. sqrt-unprod28.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right)}\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval28.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right)}\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval28.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \log \left(e^{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right)}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr28.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)}\right)} \]

    if 6.4999999999999998e-208 < b

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*28.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative28.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr28.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 35.7% accurate, 13.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-208}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(e^{a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b_m 2.9e-208) (log (exp (* a_m x-scale_m))) (* a_m x-scale_m)))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 2.9e-208) {
		tmp = log(exp((a_m * x_45_scale_m)));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
real(8) function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b_m <= 2.9d-208) then
        tmp = log(exp((a_m * x_45scale_m)))
    else
        tmp = a_m * x_45scale_m
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 2.9e-208) {
		tmp = Math.log(Math.exp((a_m * x_45_scale_m)));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
b_m = math.fabs(b)
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
	tmp = 0
	if b_m <= 2.9e-208:
		tmp = math.log(math.exp((a_m * x_45_scale_m)))
	else:
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m
	return tmp
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_m <= 2.9e-208)
		tmp = log(exp(Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = abs(a);
b_m = abs(b);
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b_m <= 2.9e-208)
		tmp = log(exp((a_m * x_45_scale_m)));
	else
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 2.9e-208], N[Log[N[Exp[N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-208}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(e^{a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 2.8999999999999999e-208

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 23.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*23.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative23.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified23.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod23.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval23.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval23.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr23.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 23.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-log-exp27.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{a \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr27.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{a \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]

    if 2.8999999999999999e-208 < b

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*28.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative28.4%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified28.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr28.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 36.5% accurate, 23.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b_m 1.9e-139)
   (*
    (* 0.25 a_m)
    (cbrt (* (* x-scale_m 4.0) (* (* x-scale_m 4.0) (* x-scale_m 4.0)))))
   (* a_m x-scale_m)))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 1.9e-139) {
		tmp = (0.25 * a_m) * cbrt(((x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * ((x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 1.9e-139) {
		tmp = (0.25 * a_m) * Math.cbrt(((x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * ((x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_m <= 1.9e-139)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.25 * a_m) * cbrt(Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0) * Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 1.9e-139], N[(N[(0.25 * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 1.90000000000000004e-139

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 23.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*23.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative23.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified23.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-cbrt-cube29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      3. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      4. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      5. sqrt-unprod29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      7. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      8. sqrt-unprod29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right)} \]
      9. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right)} \]
      10. metadata-eval29.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right)} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr29.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)}} \]

    if 1.90000000000000004e-139 < b

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative28.6%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified28.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod28.9%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval28.9%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval28.9%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr28.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 28.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification29.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot x-scale\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 33.9% accurate, 23.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;angle \leq -2.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{\left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= angle -2.95e-6)
   (cbrt (* (* a_m x-scale_m) (* (* a_m x-scale_m) (* a_m x-scale_m))))
   (* a_m x-scale_m)))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (angle <= -2.95e-6) {
		tmp = cbrt(((a_m * x_45_scale_m) * ((a_m * x_45_scale_m) * (a_m * x_45_scale_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double tmp;
	if (angle <= -2.95e-6) {
		tmp = Math.cbrt(((a_m * x_45_scale_m) * ((a_m * x_45_scale_m) * (a_m * x_45_scale_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (angle <= -2.95e-6)
		tmp = cbrt(Float64(Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m) * Float64(Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m) * Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[angle, -2.95e-6], N[Power[N[(N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;angle \leq -2.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{\left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right)\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if angle < -2.95000000000000013e-6

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 21.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*21.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative21.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified21.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod21.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval21.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval21.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr21.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 21.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-cbrt-cube31.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
    10. Applied egg-rr31.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]

    if -2.95000000000000013e-6 < angle

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 26.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*26.8%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutative26.8%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. Simplified26.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-unprod27.1%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval27.1%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval27.1%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    7. Applied egg-rr27.1%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 27.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification28.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;angle \leq -2.95 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot x-scale\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 32.5% accurate, 919.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (* a_m x-scale_m))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
real(8) function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    code = a_m * x_45scale_m
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
b_m = Math.abs(b);
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
b_m = math.fabs(b)
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
	return a_m * x_45_scale_m
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	return Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m)
end
a_m = abs(a);
b_m = abs(b);
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
function tmp = code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 0.0%

    \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 25.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*25.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
    2. *-commutative25.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
  5. Simplified25.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqrt-unprod25.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8 \cdot 2}}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval25.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{16}}\right) \]
    3. metadata-eval25.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
  7. Applied egg-rr25.8%

    \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}\right) \]
  8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 25.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot x-scale} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024132 
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))