
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 14 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ (exp (- (/ PI s))) 1.0)) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ (exp (/ PI s)) 1.0))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)) + ((1.0f - u) / (expf((((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) + Float32(1.0))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) + Float32(1.0))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (exp(-(single(pi) / s)) + single(1.0))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (exp((single(pi) / s)) + single(1.0))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1} + \frac{1 - u}{e^{\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(+
(log s)
(* 0.25 (/ s (- (+ (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI -0.25)) (* -0.25 (* u PI))))))
(log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) + (0.25f * (s / (((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)) - (-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))))))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))) - Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))))))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) + (single(0.25) * (s / (((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) + (single(pi) * single(-0.25))) - (single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi))))))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s + 0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot -0.25\right) - -0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log s) (/ s PI)) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - (s / ((float) M_PI))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(s / Float32(pi))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - (s / single(pi))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \frac{s}{\pi}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
neg-mul-125.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
+-commutative25.2%
unsub-neg25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log s) (log PI)) (/ s PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI))) - (s / ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi))) - Float32(s / Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - log(single(pi))) - (s / single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \log \pi\right) - \frac{s}{\pi}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
neg-mul-125.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.2%
mul-1-neg25.2%
unsub-neg25.2%
mul-1-neg25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
+-commutative25.2%
distribute-neg-in25.2%
remove-double-neg25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
neg-mul-125.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.2%
neg-mul-125.2%
unsub-neg25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Final simplification25.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (/ (* -4.0 (* (* s u) (/ (* PI -0.5) s))) (+ (/ PI s) 1.0)) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((-4.0f * ((s * u) * ((((float) M_PI) * -0.5f) / s))) / ((((float) M_PI) / s) + 1.0f)) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(s * u) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.5)) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) + Float32(1.0))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-4 \cdot \left(\left(s \cdot u\right) \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot -0.5}{s}\right)}{\frac{\pi}{s} + 1} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ (* 4.0 (/ (- (* -0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI -0.25)) s)) 1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((4.0f * (((-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)) / s)) + 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))) / s)) + Float32(1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(4.0) * (((single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (single(pi) * single(-0.25))) / s)) + single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot \frac{-0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi \cdot -0.25}{s} + 1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
neg-mul-125.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* 0.25 (/ s (- (+ (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI -0.25)) (* -0.25 (* u PI)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (0.25f * (s / (((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f)) - (-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25))) - Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(0.25) * (s / (((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) + (single(pi) * single(-0.25))) - (single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot -0.25\right) - -0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.9%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 13.0%
Final simplification13.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* u (+ (* PI -0.5) (* 0.25 (* PI (/ 1.0 u)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (u * ((((float) M_PI) * -0.5f) + (0.25f * (((float) M_PI) * (1.0f / u)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.5)) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / u)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (u * ((single(pi) * single(-0.5)) + (single(0.25) * (single(pi) * (single(1.0) / u))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot -0.5 + 0.25 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{u}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.5%
associate--r+11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
associate-*r*11.5%
distribute-rgt-out11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
associate-*l*11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.5%
div-inv11.5%
Applied egg-rr11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.5%
associate--r+11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
associate-*r*11.5%
distribute-rgt-out11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
associate-*l*11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.5%
+-commutative11.5%
associate-*r*11.5%
distribute-rgt-out11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* (* u PI) 2.0) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((u * ((float) M_PI)) * 2.0f) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = ((u * single(pi)) * single(2.0)) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2 - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.5%
associate--r+11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.5%
associate-*r*11.5%
distribute-rgt-out11.5%
metadata-eval11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
associate-*l*11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.5%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.5%
+-commutative11.5%
mul-1-neg11.5%
unsub-neg11.5%
*-commutative11.5%
Simplified11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
neg-mul-111.3%
Simplified11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024132
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))