Numeric.AD.Rank1.Halley:findZero from ad-4.2.4

Percentage Accurate: 81.5% → 99.9%

Time: 8.3s

Alternatives: 4

Speedup: 1.3×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (* (* y 2.0) z) (- (* (* z 2.0) z) (* y t)))))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = x - (((y * 2.0d0) * z) / (((z * 2.0d0) * z) - (y * t)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)))

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	return Float64(x - Float64(Float64(Float64(y * 2.0) * z) / Float64(Float64(Float64(z * 2.0) * z) - Float64(y * t))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := N[(x - N[(N[(N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(z * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 81.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (* (* y 2.0) z) (- (* (* z 2.0) z) (* y t)))))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = x - (((y * 2.0d0) * z) / (((z * 2.0d0) * z) - (y * t)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	return x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)))

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	return Float64(x - Float64(Float64(Float64(y * 2.0) * z) / Float64(Float64(Float64(z * 2.0) * z) - Float64(y * t))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = x - (((y * 2.0) * z) / (((z * 2.0) * z) - (y * t)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := N[(x - N[(N[(N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(z * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{1}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{t}{z} + \frac{z}{y}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ 1.0 (+ (* -0.5 (/ t z)) (/ z y)))))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (1.0 / ((-0.5 * (t / z)) + (z / y)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = x - (1.0d0 / (((-0.5d0) * (t / z)) + (z / y)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (1.0 / ((-0.5 * (t / z)) + (z / y)));
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	return x - (1.0 / ((-0.5 * (t / z)) + (z / y)))

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	return Float64(x - Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(t / z)) + Float64(z / y))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = x - (1.0 / ((-0.5 * (t / z)) + (z / y)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := N[(x - N[(1.0 / N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(t / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 82.0%

   \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

3. Simplified 88.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{z}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right) - y \cdot t}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 88.8%

      \[\leadsto x - \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{z}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z} - y \cdot t} \]

   2. associate-/l* 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t}} \]

   3. clear-num 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}}} \]

   4. associate-*r* 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right)} - y \cdot t}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}} \]

   5. *-commutative 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot z\right) \cdot z} - y \cdot t}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}} \]

   6. associate-*l* 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(z \cdot z\right)} - y \cdot t}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}} \]

   7. pow2 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{z}^{2}} - y \cdot t}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}} \]

   8. *-commutative 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot {z}^{2} - y \cdot t}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(y \cdot 2\right)}}} \]

   9. *-commutative 82.0%

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot {z}^{2} - y \cdot t}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot y\right)}}} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 82.0%

   \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot {z}^{2} - y \cdot t}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot y\right)}}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in y around inf 99.9%

   \[\leadsto x - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{t}{z} + \frac{z}{y}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 88.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -2.9 \cdot 10^{-68} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{z \cdot -2}{t}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= z -2.9e-68) (not (<= z 1.45e-15)))
   (- x (/ y z))
   (- x (/ (* z -2.0) t))))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	double tmp;
	if ((z <= -2.9e-68) || !(z <= 1.45e-15)) {
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	} else {
		tmp = x - ((z * -2.0) / t);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((z <= (-2.9d-68)) .or. (.not. (z <= 1.45d-15))) then
        tmp = x - (y / z)
    else
        tmp = x - ((z * (-2.0d0)) / t)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	double tmp;
	if ((z <= -2.9e-68) || !(z <= 1.45e-15)) {
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	} else {
		tmp = x - ((z * -2.0) / t);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	tmp = 0
	if (z <= -2.9e-68) or not (z <= 1.45e-15):
		tmp = x - (y / z)
	else:
		tmp = x - ((z * -2.0) / t)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((z <= -2.9e-68) || !(z <= 1.45e-15))
		tmp = Float64(x - Float64(y / z));
	else
		tmp = Float64(x - Float64(Float64(z * -2.0) / t));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((z <= -2.9e-68) || ~((z <= 1.45e-15)))
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	else
		tmp = x - ((z * -2.0) / t);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -2.9e-68], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.45e-15]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x - N[(N[(z * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if z < -2.9e-68 or 1.45000000000000009e-15 < z

   1. Initial program 73.8%

      \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

   3. Simplified 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{z}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right) - y \cdot t}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in y around 0 90.3%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]

   if -2.9e-68 < z < 1.45000000000000009e-15

   1. Initial program 93.4%

      \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

   3. Simplified 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{z}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right) - y \cdot t}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in y around inf 96.3%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{z}{t}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ 96.3%

         \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{-2 \cdot z}{t}} \]

      2. *-commutative 96.3%

         \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot -2}}{t} \]

   7. Simplified 96.3%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{z \cdot -2}{t}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 92.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -2.9 \cdot 10^{-68} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{z \cdot -2}{t}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 81.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-25} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 2.25 \cdot 10^{+61}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= z -2.1e-25) (not (<= z 2.25e+61))) (- x (/ y z)) x))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	double tmp;
	if ((z <= -2.1e-25) || !(z <= 2.25e+61)) {
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((z <= (-2.1d-25)) .or. (.not. (z <= 2.25d+61))) then
        tmp = x - (y / z)
    else
        tmp = x
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	double tmp;
	if ((z <= -2.1e-25) || !(z <= 2.25e+61)) {
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	tmp = 0
	if (z <= -2.1e-25) or not (z <= 2.25e+61):
		tmp = x - (y / z)
	else:
		tmp = x
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((z <= -2.1e-25) || !(z <= 2.25e+61))
		tmp = Float64(x - Float64(y / z));
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((z <= -2.1e-25) || ~((z <= 2.25e+61)))
		tmp = x - (y / z);
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -2.1e-25], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 2.25e+61]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], x]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if z < -2.10000000000000002e-25 or 2.25e61 < z

   1. Initial program 70.3%

      \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

   3. Simplified 82.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{z}{z \cdot \left(2 \cdot z\right) - y \cdot t}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in y around 0 91.8%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]

   if -2.10000000000000002e-25 < z < 2.25e61

   1. Initial program 93.9%

      \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

   3. Simplified 95.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, z \cdot \frac{2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z \cdot -2, y \cdot t\right)}, x\right)} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in y around 0 82.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-25} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 2.25 \cdot 10^{+61}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 75.1% accurate, 17.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t) :precision binary64 x)

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = x
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x;
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	return x

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	return x
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = x;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := x

Derivation

1. Initial program 82.0%

   \[x - \frac{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot z}{\left(z \cdot 2\right) \cdot z - y \cdot t} \]

3. Simplified 90.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, z \cdot \frac{2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z \cdot -2, y \cdot t\right)}, x\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in y around 0 77.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{1}{\frac{z}{y} - \frac{\frac{t}{2}}{z}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y z t)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ 1.0 (- (/ z y) (/ (/ t 2.0) z)))))

C

double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (1.0 / ((z / y) - ((t / 2.0) / z)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    code = x - (1.0d0 / ((z / y) - ((t / 2.0d0) / z)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t) {
	return x - (1.0 / ((z / y) - ((t / 2.0) / z)));
}

Python

def code(x, y, z, t):
	return x - (1.0 / ((z / y) - ((t / 2.0) / z)))

Julia

function code(x, y, z, t)
	return Float64(x - Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(z / y) - Float64(Float64(t / 2.0) / z))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y, z, t)
	tmp = x - (1.0 / ((z / y) - ((t / 2.0) / z)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_, z_, t_] := N[(x - N[(1.0 / N[(N[(z / y), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024131 
(FPCore (x y z t)
  :name "Numeric.AD.Rank1.Halley:findZero from ad-4.2.4"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (- x (/ 1 (- (/ z y) (/ (/ t 2) z)))))

  (- x (/ (* (* y 2.0) z) (- (* (* z 2.0) z) (* y t)))))