Cubic critical, narrow range

Percentage Accurate: 55.1% → 91.9%
Time: 16.3s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 23.2×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < a \land a < 94906265.62425156\right) \land \left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < b \land b < 94906265.62425156\right)\right) \land \left(1.0536712127723509 \cdot 10^{-8} < c \land c < 94906265.62425156\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 55.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 91.9% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.058:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 0.058)
   (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a (pow (sqrt 3.0) 2.0)))
   (+
    (* -0.5 (/ c b))
    (*
     a
     (+
      (* -0.375 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))
      (*
       a
       (+
        (* -0.5625 (/ (pow c 3.0) (pow b 5.0)))
        (* -1.0546875 (/ (* a (pow c 4.0)) (pow b 7.0))))))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 0.058) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * pow(sqrt(3.0), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0))) + (a * ((-0.5625 * (pow(c, 3.0) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-1.0546875 * ((a * pow(c, 4.0)) / pow(b, 7.0)))))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 0.058)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * (sqrt(3.0) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64((c ^ 3.0) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-1.0546875 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 4.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))))))));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 0.058], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[Power[N[Sqrt[3.0], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0546875 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.058:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 0.0580000000000000029

    1. Initial program 86.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified86.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt86.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{3 \cdot a} \cdot \sqrt{3 \cdot a}}} \]
      2. pow286.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{3 \cdot a}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr86.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{3 \cdot a}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 86.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}} \]

    if 0.0580000000000000029 < b

    1. Initial program 52.7%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity52.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval52.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified52.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(1.265625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + 5.0625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}\right)}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.8%

      \[\leadsto -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \color{blue}{-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{7}}}\right)\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 89.5% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0)) -0.56)
   (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
   (+
    (* -0.5 (/ c b))
    (*
     a
     (+
      (* -0.375 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))
      (* -0.5625 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0))))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (((sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0)) <= -0.56) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.375 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0))) + (-0.5625 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0)) <= -0.56)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))) + Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.56], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a)) < -0.56000000000000005

    1. Initial program 85.5%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity85.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval85.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified85.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    if -0.56000000000000005 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a))

    1. Initial program 51.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity51.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval51.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified51.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification88.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 91.7% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.058:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) + 0.375 \cdot \frac{-1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 0.058)
   (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a (pow (sqrt 3.0) 2.0)))
   (*
    c
    (-
     (*
      c
      (*
       a
       (+
        (*
         a
         (+
          (* -1.0546875 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 7.0)))
          (* -0.5625 (/ c (pow b 5.0)))))
        (* 0.375 (/ -1.0 (pow b 3.0))))))
     (/ 0.5 b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 0.058) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * pow(sqrt(3.0), 2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = c * ((c * (a * ((a * ((-1.0546875 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 7.0))) + (-0.5625 * (c / pow(b, 5.0))))) + (0.375 * (-1.0 / pow(b, 3.0)))))) - (0.5 / b));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 0.058)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * (sqrt(3.0) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-1.0546875 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 7.0))) + Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(c / (b ^ 5.0))))) + Float64(0.375 * Float64(-1.0 / (b ^ 3.0)))))) - Float64(0.5 / b)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 0.058], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[Power[N[Sqrt[3.0], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(-1.0546875 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5625 * N[(c / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.375 * N[(-1.0 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.058:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) + 0.375 \cdot \frac{-1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 0.0580000000000000029

    1. Initial program 86.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval86.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified86.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt86.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{3 \cdot a} \cdot \sqrt{3 \cdot a}}} \]
      2. pow286.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{3 \cdot a}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr86.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{3 \cdot a}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 86.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{\color{blue}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}} \]

    if 0.0580000000000000029 < b

    1. Initial program 52.7%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. /-rgt-identity52.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. metadata-eval52.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    3. Simplified52.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} + c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{c \cdot \left(1.265625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + 5.0625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}\right)}{a \cdot b}\right)\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified91.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 6.328125}{b \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.6%

        \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification90.9%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 0.058:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot {\left(\sqrt{3}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(-1.0546875 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{7}} + -0.5625 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{5}}\right) + 0.375 \cdot \frac{-1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 89.3% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0)) -0.56)
       (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* a (* c -3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
       (*
        c
        (-
         (* c (* a (- (/ (* -0.5625 (* a c)) (pow b 5.0)) (/ 0.375 (pow b 3.0)))))
         (/ 0.5 b)))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (((sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0)) <= -0.56) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (a * (c * -3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = c * ((c * (a * (((-0.5625 * (a * c)) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (0.375 / pow(b, 3.0))))) - (0.5 / b));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0)) <= -0.56)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(a * Float64(c * -3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(a * c)) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64(0.375 / (b ^ 3.0))))) - Float64(0.5 / b)));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.56], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.375 / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a)) < -0.56000000000000005

      1. Initial program 85.5%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity85.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval85.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified85.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      if -0.56000000000000005 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a))

      1. Initial program 51.4%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity51.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval51.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified51.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 91.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} + c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{c \cdot \left(1.265625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + 5.0625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}}\right)}{a \cdot b}\right)\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified91.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 6.328125}{b \cdot a}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in a around 0 89.1%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r/89.1%

            \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}}} - 0.375 \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
          2. associate-*r/89.1%

            \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.375 \cdot 1}{{b}^{3}}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
          3. metadata-eval89.1%

            \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.375}}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
        4. Simplified89.1%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right)} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \]
      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification88.5%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3} \leq -0.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{0.375}{{b}^{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 84.1% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\ \;\;\;\;0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= b 250.0)
         (* 0.3333333333333333 (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -3.0)))) b) a))
         (/ (fma c -0.5 (* -0.375 (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0)))) b)))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 250.0) {
      		tmp = 0.3333333333333333 * ((sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -3.0)))) - b) / a);
      	} else {
      		tmp = fma(c, -0.5, (-0.375 * (a * pow((c / b), 2.0)))) / b;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b <= 250.0)
      		tmp = Float64(0.3333333333333333 * Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -3.0)))) - b) / a));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(fma(c, -0.5, Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)))) / b);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 250.0], N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c * -0.5 + N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\
      \;\;\;\;0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 250

        1. Initial program 78.2%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. log1p-expm1-u70.5%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
          2. log1p-undefine66.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
        4. Applied egg-rr66.3%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. expm1-log1p-u47.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
          2. expm1-undefine45.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
        6. Applied egg-rr53.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}\right)} - 1} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. expm1-define56.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}\right)\right)} \]
          2. expm1-log1p-u78.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
          3. *-un-lft-identity78.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
        8. Applied egg-rr78.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r/78.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}} \]
          2. *-commutative78.2%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot a}} \]
          3. times-frac78.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a}} \]
          4. metadata-eval78.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a} \]
          5. fma-define78.2%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}}}{a} \]
          6. +-commutative78.2%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]
          7. mul-1-neg78.2%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(-b\right)}}{a} \]
          8. unsub-neg78.2%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}}{a} \]
          9. unpow278.2%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a} \]
          10. fma-neg78.3%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)\right)}} - b}{a} \]
          11. distribute-rgt-neg-in78.3%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-a \cdot 3\right)}\right)} - b}{a} \]
          12. distribute-rgt-neg-in78.3%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \left(-3\right)\right)}\right)} - b}{a} \]
          13. metadata-eval78.3%

            \[\leadsto 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{-3}\right)\right)} - b}{a} \]
        10. Simplified78.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{a}} \]

        if 250 < b

        1. Initial program 42.9%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. /-rgt-identity42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
          2. metadata-eval42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. Simplified43.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 88.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-1.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b} + -1.125 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in b around inf 88.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot c + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot -0.5} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b} \]
          2. fma-define88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}}{b} \]
          3. associate-/l*88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}\right)}{b} \]
          4. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          5. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          6. times-frac88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          7. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
        8. Simplified88.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 84.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= b 250.0)
         (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
         (/ (fma c -0.5 (* -0.375 (* a (pow (/ c b) 2.0)))) b)))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 250.0) {
      		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = fma(c, -0.5, (-0.375 * (a * pow((c / b), 2.0)))) / b;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b <= 250.0)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(fma(c, -0.5, Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a * (Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0)))) / b);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 250.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c * -0.5 + N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 250

        1. Initial program 78.2%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        if 250 < b

        1. Initial program 42.9%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. /-rgt-identity42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
          2. metadata-eval42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. Simplified43.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 88.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-1.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b} + -1.125 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{3}}\right)}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in b around inf 88.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5 \cdot c + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot -0.5} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b} \]
          2. fma-define88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}}{b} \]
          3. associate-/l*88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}\right)}{b} \]
          4. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          5. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          6. times-frac88.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          7. unpow288.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
        8. Simplified88.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification84.6%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, -0.375 \cdot \left(a \cdot {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 83.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= b 250.0)
         (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 3.0)))) b) (* a 3.0))
         (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b)))))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 250.0) {
      		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (b <= 250.0d0) then
              tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0d0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0d0)
          else
              tmp = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 250.0) {
      		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	tmp = 0
      	if b <= 250.0:
      		tmp = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0)
      	else:
      		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b <= 250.0)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 3.0));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (b <= 250.0)
      		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 3.0)))) - b) / (a * 3.0);
      	else
      		tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 250.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 250

        1. Initial program 78.2%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        if 250 < b

        1. Initial program 42.9%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. /-rgt-identity42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
          2. metadata-eval42.9%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        3. Simplified43.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing
        5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 88.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r/88.7%

            \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
          2. metadata-eval88.7%

            \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
        7. Simplified88.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification84.5%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 250:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)} - b}{a \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 81.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c)
       :precision binary64
       (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b))))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          code = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 57.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity57.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval57.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified57.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/78.7%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot 1}{b}}\right) \]
        2. metadata-eval78.7%

          \[\leadsto c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{b}\right) \]
      7. Simplified78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)} \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 9: 64.5% accurate, 23.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* -0.5 (/ c b)))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return -0.5 * (c / b);
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          code = (-0.5d0) * (c / b)
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return -0.5 * (c / b);
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	return -0.5 * (c / b)
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = -0.5 * (c / b);
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 57.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. /-rgt-identity57.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. metadata-eval57.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      3. Simplified57.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)\right)} - b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing
      5. Taylor expanded in b around inf 62.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 3.2% accurate, 38.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0}{a} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return 0.0 / a;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, c)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: c
          code = 0.0d0 / a
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
      	return 0.0 / a;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, c):
      	return 0.0 / a
      
      function code(a, b, c)
      	return Float64(0.0 / a)
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, c)
      	tmp = 0.0 / a;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{0}{a}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 57.0%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. log1p-expm1-u43.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
        2. log1p-undefine41.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied egg-rr41.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. expm1-log1p-u30.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        2. expm1-undefine29.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\log \left(1 + \mathsf{expm1}\left(3 \cdot a\right)\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
      6. Applied egg-rr42.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, b, \sqrt{{b}^{2} - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}\right)}{a \cdot 3}\right)} - 1} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{b + -1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/3.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(b + -1 \cdot b\right)}{a}} \]
        2. distribute-rgt1-in3.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]
        3. metadata-eval3.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot b\right)}{a} \]
        4. mul0-lft3.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{0}}{a} \]
        5. metadata-eval3.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{a} \]
      9. Simplified3.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0}{a}} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024131 
      (FPCore (a b c)
        :name "Cubic critical, narrow range"
        :precision binary64
        :pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
        (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))