
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(log1p (expm1 (- s)))
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return log1pf(expm1f(-s)) * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(log1p(expm1(Float32(-s))) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(-s\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-out97.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
log1p-expm1-u98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (+ (* u 0.5) -0.25)))) (* s (- (/ (* s 0.25) t_0) (- (log (* t_0 -4.0)) (log s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = ((float) M_PI) * ((u * 0.5f) + -0.25f);
return s * (((s * 0.25f) / t_0) - (logf((t_0 * -4.0f)) - logf(s)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(0.5)) + Float32(-0.25))) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(s * Float32(0.25)) / t_0) - Float32(log(Float32(t_0 * Float32(-4.0))) - log(s)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(pi) * ((u * single(0.5)) + single(-0.25)); tmp = s * (((s * single(0.25)) / t_0) - (log((t_0 * single(-4.0))) - log(s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 0.5 + -0.25\right)\\
s \cdot \left(\frac{s \cdot 0.25}{t\_0} - \left(\log \left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) - \log s\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
fma-define25.2%
associate--r+25.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.2%
distribute-rgt-out--25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
+-commutative25.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log (* (* PI (+ (* u 0.5) -0.25)) -4.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((((float) M_PI) * ((u * 0.5f) + -0.25f)) * -4.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(0.5)) + Float32(-0.25))) * Float32(-4.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(((single(pi) * ((u * single(0.5)) + single(-0.25))) * single(-4.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \left(\left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot 0.5 + -0.25\right)\right) \cdot -4\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
fma-define25.2%
associate--r+25.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.2%
distribute-rgt-out--25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
mul-1-neg25.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
+-commutative25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
*-commutative25.4%
distribute-rgt-out25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
fma-define25.2%
associate--r+25.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv25.2%
distribute-rgt-out--25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
metadata-eval25.2%
*-commutative25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
log1p-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.4%
associate--r+11.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.4%
distribute-rgt-out--11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
associate-*r*11.4%
metadata-eval11.4%
*-commutative11.4%
fma-undefine11.4%
fma-undefine11.4%
distribute-lft-in11.4%
Simplified11.4%
Final simplification11.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
neg-mul-111.3%
Simplified11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024130
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))