Asymptote A

Percentage Accurate: 77.6% → 99.9%

Time: 5.8s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 77.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ \frac{\frac{2}{x\_m + -1}}{-1 - x\_m} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (/ (/ 2.0 (+ x_m -1.0)) (- -1.0 x_m)))

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	return (2.0 / (x_m + -1.0)) / (-1.0 - x_m);
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    code = (2.0d0 / (x_m + (-1.0d0))) / ((-1.0d0) - x_m)
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	return (2.0 / (x_m + -1.0)) / (-1.0 - x_m);
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	return (2.0 / (x_m + -1.0)) / (-1.0 - x_m)

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	return Float64(Float64(2.0 / Float64(x_m + -1.0)) / Float64(-1.0 - x_m))
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp = code(x_m)
	tmp = (2.0 / (x_m + -1.0)) / (-1.0 - x_m);
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := N[(N[(2.0 / N[(x$95$m + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 81.3%

   \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

   3. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   4. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   5. associate-+l- 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   6. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   7. remove-double-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

   8. distribute-neg-in 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

   9. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

   10. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

   11. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

   12. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   13. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   14. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

   15. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

   16. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

   17. metadata-eval 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

3. Simplified 81.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. frac-sub 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

   2. *-rgt-identity 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

   3. metadata-eval 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

   4. div-inv 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

   5. associate-/r* 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   7. div-inv 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   8. *-un-lft-identity 81.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} - \frac{1 - x}{1}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   9. associate--l- 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 - \left(x + \frac{1 - x}{1}\right)}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   10. div-inv 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   11. metadata-eval 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   12. *-rgt-identity 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   13. div-inv 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}}}{-1 - x} \]

   14. metadata-eval 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

   15. *-rgt-identity 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 84.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{1 - x}}{-1 - x}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-sub 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{1 - x} - \frac{x + \left(1 - x\right)}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   2. sub-neg 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \left(-\frac{x + \left(1 - x\right)}{1 - x}\right)}}{-1 - x} \]

8. Applied egg-rr 84.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \left(-\frac{x + \left(1 - x\right)}{1 - x}\right)}}{-1 - x} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-neg-frac 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   2. +-commutative 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x\right)}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   3. associate--r- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(1 - \left(x - x\right)\right)}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   4. +-inverses 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \frac{-\left(1 - \color{blue}{0}\right)}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \frac{-\color{blue}{1}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   6. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{1 - x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   7. count-2 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{-1}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   8. associate-*r/ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot -1}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   9. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-2}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   10. metadata-eval 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{-1}}}{1 - x}}{-1 - x} \]

   11. associate-/r* 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{-1 \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}}}{-1 - x} \]

   12. neg-mul-1 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{-\left(1 - x\right)}}}{-1 - x} \]

   13. neg-sub0 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - x\right)}}}{-1 - x} \]

   14. associate--r- 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   15. metadata-eval 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{-1} + x}}{-1 - x} \]

   16. +-commutative 99.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{x + -1}}}{-1 - x} \]

10. Simplified 99.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{x + -1}}}{-1 - x} \]

11. Final simplification 99.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{x + -1}}{-1 - x} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{x\_m \cdot \left(-1 - x\_m\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x_m 1.0) 2.0 (/ 2.0 (* x_m (- -1.0 x_m)))))

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (x_m * (-1.0 - x_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x_m <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = 2.0d0 / (x_m * ((-1.0d0) - x_m))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (x_m * (-1.0 - x_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	tmp = 0
	if x_m <= 1.0:
		tmp = 2.0
	else:
		tmp = 2.0 / (x_m * (-1.0 - x_m))
	return tmp

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(x_m * Float64(-1.0 - x_m)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp_2 = code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = 2.0 / (x_m * (-1.0 - x_m));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 1.0], 2.0, N[(2.0 / N[(x$95$m * N[(-1.0 - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 87.9%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 71.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 60.4%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 60.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. frac-sub 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

      2. *-rgt-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      3. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      4. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      5. associate-/r* 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      7. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      8. *-un-lft-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} - \frac{1 - x}{1}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      9. associate--l- 66.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 - \left(x + \frac{1 - x}{1}\right)}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      10. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      11. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      12. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      13. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}}}{-1 - x} \]

      14. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      15. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 66.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{1 - x}}{-1 - x}} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{x}}}{-1 - x} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-log-exp 58.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}}\right)} \]

      2. *-un-lft-identity 58.3%

         \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}}\right)} \]

      3. log-prod 58.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}}\right)} \]

      4. metadata-eval 58.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}}\right) \]

      5. add-log-exp 98.2%

         \[\leadsto 0 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}} \]

   9. Applied egg-rr 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0 + \frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. +-lft-identity 98.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}} \]

       2. associate-/r* 96.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

   11. Simplified 96.8%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 77.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.2% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{x\_m}}{-1 - x\_m}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x_m 1.0) 2.0 (/ (/ 2.0 x_m) (- -1.0 x_m))))

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / x_m) / (-1.0 - x_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x_m <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = (2.0d0 / x_m) / ((-1.0d0) - x_m)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / x_m) / (-1.0 - x_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	tmp = 0
	if x_m <= 1.0:
		tmp = 2.0
	else:
		tmp = (2.0 / x_m) / (-1.0 - x_m)
	return tmp

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 / x_m) / Float64(-1.0 - x_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp_2 = code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = (2.0 / x_m) / (-1.0 - x_m);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 1.0], 2.0, N[(N[(2.0 / x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 87.9%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 71.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 60.4%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 60.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. frac-sub 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

      2. *-rgt-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      3. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      4. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      5. associate-/r* 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      7. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      8. *-un-lft-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} - \frac{1 - x}{1}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      9. associate--l- 66.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 - \left(x + \frac{1 - x}{1}\right)}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      10. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      11. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      12. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      13. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}}}{-1 - x} \]

      14. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      15. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 66.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{1 - x}}{-1 - x}} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{x}}}{-1 - x} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 77.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{x}}{-1 - x}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.5% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ \frac{-2}{\left(-1 - x\_m\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\_m\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (/ -2.0 (* (- -1.0 x_m) (- 1.0 x_m))))

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	return -2.0 / ((-1.0 - x_m) * (1.0 - x_m));
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    code = (-2.0d0) / (((-1.0d0) - x_m) * (1.0d0 - x_m))
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	return -2.0 / ((-1.0 - x_m) * (1.0 - x_m));
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	return -2.0 / ((-1.0 - x_m) * (1.0 - x_m))

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	return Float64(-2.0 / Float64(Float64(-1.0 - x_m) * Float64(1.0 - x_m)))
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp = code(x_m)
	tmp = -2.0 / ((-1.0 - x_m) * (1.0 - x_m));
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := N[(-2.0 / N[(N[(-1.0 - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 81.3%

   \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

   3. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   4. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   5. associate-+l- 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   6. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   7. remove-double-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

   8. distribute-neg-in 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

   9. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

   10. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

   11. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

   12. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   13. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   14. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

   15. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

   16. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

   17. metadata-eval 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

3. Simplified 81.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} + \left(-\frac{1}{-1 - x}\right)} \]

   2. distribute-neg-frac 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1 - x}} \]

   3. metadata-eval 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1 - x} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 81.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} + \frac{-1}{-1 - x}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. metadata-eval 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1 - x} \]

   2. distribute-neg-frac 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{-1 - x}\right)} \]

   3. unsub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]

   4. *-inverses 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{-1 - x}}}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x} \]

   5. associate-/r* 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}} - \frac{1}{-1 - x} \]

   6. *-lft-identity 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} - \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]

   7. *-lft-identity 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]

   8. *-inverses 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   9. associate-/r* 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

   10. *-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - x}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} - \frac{1 - x}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}} \]

   11. div-sub 81.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right)}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}} \]

   12. associate--r+ 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} \]

   13. +-commutative 84.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) + x\right)}}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} \]

   14. associate--r+ 81.9%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - x\right)\right) - x}}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} \]

8. Simplified 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

9. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{-2}{\left(-1 - x\right) \cdot \left(1 - x\right)} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 53.6% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-2}{x\_m}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= x_m 1.0) 2.0 (/ -2.0 x_m)))

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 / x_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x_m <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = (-2.0d0) / x_m
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 / x_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	tmp = 0
	if x_m <= 1.0:
		tmp = 2.0
	else:
		tmp = -2.0 / x_m
	return tmp

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 / x_m);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp_2 = code(x_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_m <= 1.0)
		tmp = 2.0;
	else
		tmp = -2.0 / x_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 1.0], 2.0, N[(-2.0 / x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 87.9%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 87.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 87.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing

   5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 71.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 60.4%

      \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

      3. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      4. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      5. associate-+l- 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      6. neg-sub0 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

      7. remove-double-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-neg-in 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

      9. sub-neg 60.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

      10. distribute-neg-frac2 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

      11. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

      12. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      13. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

      14. sub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

      15. +-commutative 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

      16. unsub-neg 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

      17. metadata-eval 60.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

   3. Simplified 60.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
   4. Add Preprocessing
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. frac-sub 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

      2. *-rgt-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      3. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\left(\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      4. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}} \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

      5. associate-/r* 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      7. div-inv 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      8. *-un-lft-identity 61.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} - \frac{1 - x}{1}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      9. associate--l- 66.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 - \left(x + \frac{1 - x}{1}\right)}}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      10. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      11. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      12. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right)}\right)}{\frac{1 - x}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      13. div-inv 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1}}}}{-1 - x} \]

      14. metadata-eval 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}}}{-1 - x} \]

      15. *-rgt-identity 66.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 66.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1 - \left(x + \left(1 - x\right)\right)}{1 - x}}{-1 - x}} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{x}}}{-1 - x} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 7.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-2}{x}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 55.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-2}{x}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 10.8% accurate, 11.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 1.0)

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	return 1.0;
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    code = 1.0d0
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	return 1.0;
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	return 1.0

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	return 1.0
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp = code(x_m)
	tmp = 1.0;
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := 1.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 81.3%

   \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

   3. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   4. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   5. associate-+l- 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   6. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   7. remove-double-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

   8. distribute-neg-in 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

   9. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

   10. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

   11. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

   12. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   13. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   14. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

   15. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

   16. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

   17. metadata-eval 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

3. Simplified 81.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 54.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \color{blue}{-1} \]

6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

7. Final simplification 11.3%

   \[\leadsto 1 \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 51.5% accurate, 11.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ 2 \end{array} \]

FPCore

x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
(FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 2.0)

C

x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
	return 2.0;
}

Fortran

x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    code = 2.0d0
end function

Java

x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
	return 2.0;
}

Python

x_m = math.fabs(x)
def code(x_m):
	return 2.0

Julia

x_m = abs(x)
function code(x_m)
	return 2.0
end

MATLAB

x_m = abs(x);
function tmp = code(x_m)
	tmp = 2.0;
end

Wolfram

x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_] := 2.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 81.3%

   \[\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{1}{x + 1}} \]

   3. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   4. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - 1\right)}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   5. associate-+l- 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + 1}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   6. neg-sub0 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + 1} + \frac{1}{x + 1} \]

   7. remove-double-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(-\left(x + 1\right)\right)}} \]

   8. distribute-neg-in 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]

   9. sub-neg 81.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \frac{1}{-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) - 1\right)}} \]

   10. distribute-neg-frac2 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}\right)} \]

   11. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-x\right) + 1} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1}} \]

   12. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x\right)}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   13. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{\left(-x\right) - 1} \]

   14. sub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) + \left(-1\right)}} \]

   15. +-commutative 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-x\right)}} \]

   16. unsub-neg 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) - x}} \]

   17. metadata-eval 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1} - x} \]

3. Simplified 81.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{-1 - x}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 54.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2} \]

6. Final simplification 54.7%

   \[\leadsto 2 \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024130 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Asymptote A"
  :precision binary64
  (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))