
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* (* a (* c 3.0)) (/ 0.3333333333333333 a)) (- (- b) (sqrt (fma a (* c -3.0) (pow b 2.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((a * (c * 3.0)) * (0.3333333333333333 / a)) / (-b - sqrt(fma(a, (c * -3.0), pow(b, 2.0))));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c * 3.0)) * Float64(0.3333333333333333 / a)) / Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(fma(a, Float64(c * -3.0), (b ^ 2.0))))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(a * N[(c * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.3333333333333333 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{a}}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, {b}^{2}\right)}}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
add-cube-cbrt17.7%
pow317.7%
associate-*l*17.7%
Applied egg-rr17.7%
flip-+17.7%
pow217.7%
add-sqr-sqrt18.2%
pow218.2%
unpow318.2%
add-cube-cbrt18.2%
*-commutative18.2%
pow218.2%
unpow318.2%
add-cube-cbrt18.2%
*-commutative18.2%
Applied egg-rr18.2%
associate--r-99.1%
associate-*r*99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
div-inv99.2%
+-commutative99.2%
fma-define99.2%
neg-mul-199.2%
unpow-prod-down99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-un-lft-identity99.2%
associate-/r*99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
associate-*l/99.2%
fma-undefine99.2%
+-inverses99.2%
+-rgt-identity99.2%
sub-neg99.2%
+-commutative99.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
fma-define99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.5 (/ c b)) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-0.5d0) * (c / b)) + ((-0.375d0) * ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (-0.375 * ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.1%
Final simplification95.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* c -0.5) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0)))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0)))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c * (-0.5d0)) + ((-0.375d0) * ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0)))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0)))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0)))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot -0.5 + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.1%
Final simplification95.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c (fma (* a (/ c (pow b 2.0))) -0.375 -0.5)) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * fma((a * (c / pow(b, 2.0))), -0.375, -0.5)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * fma(Float64(a * Float64(c / (b ^ 2.0))), -0.375, -0.5)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * N[(N[(a * N[(c / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.375 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}, -0.375, -0.5\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.8%
associate-*r/95.1%
*-commutative95.1%
fmm-def95.1%
associate-/l*95.1%
metadata-eval95.1%
Applied egg-rr95.1%
Final simplification95.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (- (* -0.375 (/ (* a c) (pow b 3.0))) (/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * (((-0.375d0) * ((a * c) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (0.5d0 / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (0.5 / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(0.5 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((-0.375 * ((a * c) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (0.5 / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
add-cube-cbrt17.7%
pow317.7%
associate-*l*17.7%
Applied egg-rr17.7%
flip-+17.7%
pow217.7%
add-sqr-sqrt18.2%
pow218.2%
unpow318.2%
add-cube-cbrt18.2%
*-commutative18.2%
pow218.2%
unpow318.2%
add-cube-cbrt18.2%
*-commutative18.2%
Applied egg-rr18.2%
associate--r-99.1%
associate-*r*99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.8%
*-commutative94.8%
associate-*r/94.8%
metadata-eval94.8%
Simplified94.8%
Final simplification94.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ -0.5 b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((-0.5d0) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * (-0.5 / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(-0.5 / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * (-0.5 / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
Simplified17.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 12.5%
div-sub12.5%
+-commutative12.5%
fma-define12.5%
associate-/l*12.5%
Applied egg-rr12.5%
div-sub12.5%
*-rgt-identity12.5%
associate-*r/12.5%
fma-undefine12.5%
associate--l+89.9%
+-inverses89.9%
+-rgt-identity89.9%
associate-*r*90.1%
associate-*r/89.9%
associate-*l/89.9%
associate-*r/89.8%
*-commutative89.8%
associate-*l*89.8%
*-commutative89.8%
associate-/r*89.7%
metadata-eval89.7%
Simplified89.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 90.4%
associate-*r/90.4%
*-commutative90.4%
associate-*r/90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Final simplification90.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c -0.5) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * (-0.5d0)) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * -0.5) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * -0.5) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 17.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.4%
associate-*r/90.4%
*-commutative90.4%
Simplified90.4%
Final simplification90.4%
herbie shell --seed 2024130
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))