
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im))))
double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = (0.5d0 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * Math.cos(re)) * (Math.exp(-im) + Math.exp(im));
}
def code(re, im): return (0.5 * math.cos(re)) * (math.exp(-im) + math.exp(im))
function code(re, im) return Float64(Float64(0.5 * cos(re)) * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))) end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im)); end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \cos re\right) \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im))))
double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = (0.5d0 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * Math.cos(re)) * (Math.exp(-im) + Math.exp(im));
}
def code(re, im): return (0.5 * math.cos(re)) * (math.exp(-im) + math.exp(im))
function code(re, im) return Float64(Float64(0.5 * cos(re)) * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))) end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im)); end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \cos re\right) \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im))))
double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = (0.5d0 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return (0.5 * Math.cos(re)) * (Math.exp(-im) + Math.exp(im));
}
def code(re, im): return (0.5 * math.cos(re)) * (math.exp(-im) + math.exp(im))
function code(re, im) return Float64(Float64(0.5 * cos(re)) * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))) end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = (0.5 * cos(re)) * (exp(-im) + exp(im)); end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.5 \cdot \cos re\right) \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (re im)
:precision binary64
(if (<= im 0.0054)
(* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (fma im im 2.0))
(if (<= im 7.5e+37)
(* 0.5 (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im)))
(* (cos re) (sqrt (* (pow im 8.0) 0.001736111111111111))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 0.0054) {
tmp = (0.5 * cos(re)) * fma(im, im, 2.0);
} else if (im <= 7.5e+37) {
tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
} else {
tmp = cos(re) * sqrt((pow(im, 8.0) * 0.001736111111111111));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 0.0054) tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * cos(re)) * fma(im, im, 2.0)); elseif (im <= 7.5e+37) tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))); else tmp = Float64(cos(re) * sqrt(Float64((im ^ 8.0) * 0.001736111111111111))); end return tmp end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 0.0054], N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(im * im + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[im, 7.5e+37], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[im, 8.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.001736111111111111), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 0.0054:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \cos re\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(im, im, 2\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;im \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{+37}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos re \cdot \sqrt{{im}^{8} \cdot 0.001736111111111111}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 0.0054000000000000003Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 86.4%
+-commutative86.4%
unpow286.4%
fma-define86.4%
Simplified86.4%
if 0.0054000000000000003 < im < 7.5000000000000003e37Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 90.0%
if 7.5000000000000003e37 < im Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 91.6%
+-commutative91.6%
fma-define91.6%
associate-*r*91.6%
distribute-rgt-out91.6%
*-commutative91.6%
Simplified91.6%
Taylor expanded in im around inf 91.6%
associate-*r*91.6%
Simplified91.6%
add-sqr-sqrt91.6%
sqrt-unprod98.3%
pow1/298.3%
*-commutative98.3%
*-commutative98.3%
swap-sqr98.3%
pow-prod-up98.3%
metadata-eval98.3%
metadata-eval98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
unpow1/298.3%
Simplified98.3%
Final simplification89.2%
(FPCore (re im)
:precision binary64
(if (<= im 14200000.0)
(cos re)
(if (<= im 8.2e+61)
(+ 0.25 (pow re -2.0))
(* 0.041666666666666664 (* (cos re) (pow im 4.0))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 14200000.0) {
tmp = cos(re);
} else if (im <= 8.2e+61) {
tmp = 0.25 + pow(re, -2.0);
} else {
tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (cos(re) * pow(im, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
real(8) :: tmp
if (im <= 14200000.0d0) then
tmp = cos(re)
else if (im <= 8.2d+61) then
tmp = 0.25d0 + (re ** (-2.0d0))
else
tmp = 0.041666666666666664d0 * (cos(re) * (im ** 4.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 14200000.0) {
tmp = Math.cos(re);
} else if (im <= 8.2e+61) {
tmp = 0.25 + Math.pow(re, -2.0);
} else {
tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (Math.cos(re) * Math.pow(im, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(re, im): tmp = 0 if im <= 14200000.0: tmp = math.cos(re) elif im <= 8.2e+61: tmp = 0.25 + math.pow(re, -2.0) else: tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (math.cos(re) * math.pow(im, 4.0)) return tmp
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 14200000.0) tmp = cos(re); elseif (im <= 8.2e+61) tmp = Float64(0.25 + (re ^ -2.0)); else tmp = Float64(0.041666666666666664 * Float64(cos(re) * (im ^ 4.0))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im) tmp = 0.0; if (im <= 14200000.0) tmp = cos(re); elseif (im <= 8.2e+61) tmp = 0.25 + (re ^ -2.0); else tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (cos(re) * (im ^ 4.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 14200000.0], N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[im, 8.2e+61], N[(0.25 + N[Power[re, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[im, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 14200000:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos re\\
\mathbf{elif}\;im \leq 8.2 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 + {re}^{-2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\cos re \cdot {im}^{4}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 1.42e7Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 69.0%
if 1.42e7 < im < 8.19999999999999944e61Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr2.7%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 11.9%
*-commutative11.9%
Simplified11.9%
Applied egg-rr47.0%
if 8.19999999999999944e61 < im Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 96.5%
+-commutative96.5%
fma-define96.5%
associate-*r*96.5%
distribute-rgt-out96.5%
*-commutative96.5%
Simplified96.5%
Taylor expanded in im around inf 96.5%
Final simplification73.7%
(FPCore (re im)
:precision binary64
(if (<= im 3.6e-13)
(cos re)
(if (<= im 2.9e+71)
(* 0.5 (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im)))
(* 0.041666666666666664 (* (cos re) (pow im 4.0))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 3.6e-13) {
tmp = cos(re);
} else if (im <= 2.9e+71) {
tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
} else {
tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (cos(re) * pow(im, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
real(8) :: tmp
if (im <= 3.6d-13) then
tmp = cos(re)
else if (im <= 2.9d+71) then
tmp = 0.5d0 * (exp(-im) + exp(im))
else
tmp = 0.041666666666666664d0 * (cos(re) * (im ** 4.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 3.6e-13) {
tmp = Math.cos(re);
} else if (im <= 2.9e+71) {
tmp = 0.5 * (Math.exp(-im) + Math.exp(im));
} else {
tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (Math.cos(re) * Math.pow(im, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(re, im): tmp = 0 if im <= 3.6e-13: tmp = math.cos(re) elif im <= 2.9e+71: tmp = 0.5 * (math.exp(-im) + math.exp(im)) else: tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (math.cos(re) * math.pow(im, 4.0)) return tmp
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 3.6e-13) tmp = cos(re); elseif (im <= 2.9e+71) tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))); else tmp = Float64(0.041666666666666664 * Float64(cos(re) * (im ^ 4.0))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im) tmp = 0.0; if (im <= 3.6e-13) tmp = cos(re); elseif (im <= 2.9e+71) tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-im) + exp(im)); else tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (cos(re) * (im ^ 4.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 3.6e-13], N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[im, 2.9e+71], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[im, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos re\\
\mathbf{elif}\;im \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\cos re \cdot {im}^{4}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 3.5999999999999998e-13Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 69.2%
if 3.5999999999999998e-13 < im < 2.90000000000000007e71Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 82.4%
if 2.90000000000000007e71 < im Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
fma-define100.0%
associate-*r*100.0%
distribute-rgt-out100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around inf 100.0%
Final simplification76.2%
(FPCore (re im)
:precision binary64
(if (<= im 0.0054)
(* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (fma im im 2.0))
(if (<= im 2.9e+71)
(* 0.5 (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im)))
(* 0.041666666666666664 (* (cos re) (pow im 4.0))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 0.0054) {
tmp = (0.5 * cos(re)) * fma(im, im, 2.0);
} else if (im <= 2.9e+71) {
tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-im) + exp(im));
} else {
tmp = 0.041666666666666664 * (cos(re) * pow(im, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 0.0054) tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * cos(re)) * fma(im, im, 2.0)); elseif (im <= 2.9e+71) tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(-im)) + exp(im))); else tmp = Float64(0.041666666666666664 * Float64(cos(re) * (im ^ 4.0))); end return tmp end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 0.0054], N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(im * im + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[im, 2.9e+71], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[(-im)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[im, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 0.0054:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \cos re\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(im, im, 2\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;im \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-im} + e^{im}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\cos re \cdot {im}^{4}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 0.0054000000000000003Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 86.4%
+-commutative86.4%
unpow286.4%
fma-define86.4%
Simplified86.4%
if 0.0054000000000000003 < im < 2.90000000000000007e71Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 80.0%
if 2.90000000000000007e71 < im Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
fma-define100.0%
associate-*r*100.0%
distribute-rgt-out100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around inf 100.0%
Final simplification88.8%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (if (<= im 14200000.0) (cos re) (if (<= im 1.35e+154) (+ 0.25 (pow re -2.0)) (* 0.5 (fma im im 2.0)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 14200000.0) {
tmp = cos(re);
} else if (im <= 1.35e+154) {
tmp = 0.25 + pow(re, -2.0);
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * fma(im, im, 2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 14200000.0) tmp = cos(re); elseif (im <= 1.35e+154) tmp = Float64(0.25 + (re ^ -2.0)); else tmp = Float64(0.5 * fma(im, im, 2.0)); end return tmp end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 14200000.0], N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[im, 1.35e+154], N[(0.25 + N[Power[re, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(im * im + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 14200000:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos re\\
\mathbf{elif}\;im \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 + {re}^{-2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(im, im, 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 1.42e7Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 69.0%
if 1.42e7 < im < 1.35000000000000003e154Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr2.4%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 12.5%
*-commutative12.5%
Simplified12.5%
Applied egg-rr29.2%
if 1.35000000000000003e154 < im Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
unpow2100.0%
fma-define100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 85.7%
+-commutative85.7%
unpow285.7%
fma-undefine85.7%
Simplified85.7%
Final simplification66.8%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (if (<= im 14200000.0) (cos re) (+ 0.25 (pow re -2.0))))
double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 14200000.0) {
tmp = cos(re);
} else {
tmp = 0.25 + pow(re, -2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
real(8) :: tmp
if (im <= 14200000.0d0) then
tmp = cos(re)
else
tmp = 0.25d0 + (re ** (-2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
double tmp;
if (im <= 14200000.0) {
tmp = Math.cos(re);
} else {
tmp = 0.25 + Math.pow(re, -2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(re, im): tmp = 0 if im <= 14200000.0: tmp = math.cos(re) else: tmp = 0.25 + math.pow(re, -2.0) return tmp
function code(re, im) tmp = 0.0 if (im <= 14200000.0) tmp = cos(re); else tmp = Float64(0.25 + (re ^ -2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im) tmp = 0.0; if (im <= 14200000.0) tmp = cos(re); else tmp = 0.25 + (re ^ -2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 14200000.0], N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 + N[Power[re, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;im \leq 14200000:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos re\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 + {re}^{-2}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if im < 1.42e7Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 69.0%
if 1.42e7 < im Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr2.6%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 15.0%
*-commutative15.0%
Simplified15.0%
Applied egg-rr30.1%
Final simplification59.3%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (cos re))
double code(double re, double im) {
return cos(re);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = cos(re)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return Math.cos(re);
}
def code(re, im): return math.cos(re)
function code(re, im) return cos(re) end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = cos(re); end
code[re_, im_] := N[Cos[re], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cos re
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in im around 0 52.5%
Final simplification52.5%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double re, double im) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(re, im): return 0.0
function code(re, im) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = 0.0; end
code[re_, im_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr2.4%
pow-base-12.4%
metadata-eval2.4%
Simplified2.4%
Final simplification2.4%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 0.25)
double code(double re, double im) {
return 0.25;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = 0.25d0
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return 0.25;
}
def code(re, im): return 0.25
function code(re, im) return 0.25 end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = 0.25; end
code[re_, im_] := 0.25
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.25
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr8.0%
Taylor expanded in re around 0 8.1%
Final simplification8.1%
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double re, double im) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
real(8), intent (in) :: re
real(8), intent (in) :: im
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(re, im): return 1.0
function code(re, im) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(re, im) tmp = 1.0; end
code[re_, im_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Applied egg-rr27.6%
+-inverses27.6%
+-rgt-identity27.6%
*-inverses27.6%
Simplified27.6%
Final simplification27.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024130
(FPCore (re im)
:name "math.cos on complex, real part"
:precision binary64
(* (* 0.5 (cos re)) (+ (exp (- im)) (exp im))))