
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (* -2.0 (* u (/ PI (* s (- -1.0 (/ PI s)))))) (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((-2.0f * (u * (((float) M_PI) / (s * (-1.0f - (((float) M_PI) / s)))))) - log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-1.0) - Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) - log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \frac{\pi}{s \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.1%
+-commutative24.1%
fma-define24.1%
associate--r+24.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.1%
distribute-rgt-out--24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
Simplified24.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
log1p-define24.6%
associate-/l*24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (/ (* 2.0 (* u PI)) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.1%
+-commutative24.1%
fma-define24.1%
associate--r+24.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.1%
distribute-rgt-out--24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
Simplified24.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
associate-*r/24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
log1p-define24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.1%
+-commutative24.1%
fma-define24.1%
associate--r+24.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.1%
distribute-rgt-out--24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
Simplified24.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.1%
+-commutative24.1%
fma-define24.1%
associate--r+24.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.1%
distribute-rgt-out--24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
metadata-eval24.1%
*-commutative24.1%
Simplified24.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
neg-mul-124.6%
log1p-define24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (if (<= s 1.0999999780167719e-18) 0.0 (* s (/ PI (- s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float tmp;
if (s <= 1.0999999780167719e-18f) {
tmp = 0.0f;
} else {
tmp = s * (((float) M_PI) / -s);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(u, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (s <= Float32(1.0999999780167719e-18)) tmp = Float32(0.0); else tmp = Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (s <= single(1.0999999780167719e-18)) tmp = single(0.0); else tmp = s * (single(pi) / -s); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;s \leq 1.0999999780167719 \cdot 10^{-18}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;s \cdot \frac{\pi}{-s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if s < 1.09999998e-18Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
add-log-exp13.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-out13.3%
add-sqr-sqrt13.3%
*-commutative13.3%
Applied egg-rr13.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 13.3%
metadata-eval13.3%
Applied egg-rr13.3%
if 1.09999998e-18 < s Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 15.1%
Final simplification14.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (if (<= s 1.0999999780167719e-18) 0.0 (- PI)))
float code(float u, float s) {
float tmp;
if (s <= 1.0999999780167719e-18f) {
tmp = 0.0f;
} else {
tmp = -((float) M_PI);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(u, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (s <= Float32(1.0999999780167719e-18)) tmp = Float32(0.0); else tmp = Float32(-Float32(pi)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (s <= single(1.0999999780167719e-18)) tmp = single(0.0); else tmp = -single(pi); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;s \leq 1.0999999780167719 \cdot 10^{-18}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-\pi\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if s < 1.09999998e-18Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
add-log-exp13.3%
distribute-rgt-neg-out13.3%
add-sqr-sqrt13.3%
*-commutative13.3%
Applied egg-rr13.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 13.3%
metadata-eval13.3%
Applied egg-rr13.3%
if 1.09999998e-18 < s Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 15.1%
neg-mul-115.1%
Simplified15.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u PI)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (u * single(pi))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.2%
associate--r+11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.2%
associate-*r*11.2%
distribute-rgt-out11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
associate-*l*11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.2%
expm1-log1p-u11.2%
expm1-undefine11.2%
Applied egg-rr11.2%
expm1-define11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.2%
+-commutative11.2%
mul-1-neg11.2%
unsub-neg11.2%
Simplified11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
add-log-exp23.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-out23.2%
add-sqr-sqrt23.2%
*-commutative23.2%
Applied egg-rr23.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.7%
metadata-eval10.7%
Applied egg-rr10.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024123
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))