
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.004629629629629629 (/ (pow x 2.0) (+ 0.027777777777777776 (* (pow x 2.0) 0.000925925925925926)))))
double code(double x) {
return 0.004629629629629629 * (pow(x, 2.0) / (0.027777777777777776 + (pow(x, 2.0) * 0.000925925925925926)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.004629629629629629d0 * ((x ** 2.0d0) / (0.027777777777777776d0 + ((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.000925925925925926d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.004629629629629629 * (Math.pow(x, 2.0) / (0.027777777777777776 + (Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.000925925925925926)));
}
def code(x): return 0.004629629629629629 * (math.pow(x, 2.0) / (0.027777777777777776 + (math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.000925925925925926)))
function code(x) return Float64(0.004629629629629629 * Float64((x ^ 2.0) / Float64(0.027777777777777776 + Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.000925925925925926)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.004629629629629629 * ((x ^ 2.0) / (0.027777777777777776 + ((x ^ 2.0) * 0.000925925925925926))); end
code[x_] := N[(0.004629629629629629 * N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.027777777777777776 + N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.000925925925925926), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.004629629629629629 \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{0.027777777777777776 + {x}^{2} \cdot 0.000925925925925926}
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
flip3-+97.2%
associate-*r/97.2%
pow397.2%
+-commutative97.2%
pow397.2%
unpow-prod-down97.2%
metadata-eval97.2%
metadata-eval97.9%
metadata-eval97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
associate-/l*97.9%
fma-define97.9%
associate-+r-97.9%
sub-neg97.9%
+-commutative97.9%
fma-define97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in97.9%
metadata-eval97.9%
Simplified97.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x (fma (pow x 2.0) -0.005555555555555556 0.16666666666666666))))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * fma(pow(x, 2.0), -0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666));
}
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * fma((x ^ 2.0), -0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666))) end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.005555555555555556 + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, -0.005555555555555556, 0.16666666666666666\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
add-sqr-sqrt97.7%
pow297.7%
sqrt-prod97.8%
sqrt-pow197.8%
metadata-eval97.8%
pow197.8%
+-commutative97.8%
fma-define97.8%
Applied egg-rr97.8%
unpow297.8%
swap-sqr97.9%
add-sqr-sqrt97.9%
associate-*l*97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)) (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0))))
double code(double x) {
return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)) + ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
}
def code(x): return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) + Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + -0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
distribute-rgt-in97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
associate-*l*97.9%
pow-prod-up97.9%
metadata-eval97.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
unpow297.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
Final simplification97.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow x 2.0) (+ 0.16666666666666666 (* -0.005555555555555556 (* x x)))))
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, 2.0) * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x ** 2.0d0) * (0.16666666666666666d0 + ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, 2.0) * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)));
}
def code(x): return math.pow(x, 2.0) * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.005555555555555556 * (x * x)))
function code(x) return Float64((x ^ 2.0) * Float64(0.16666666666666666 + Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * Float64(x * x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x ^ 2.0) * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.005555555555555556 * (x * x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.16666666666666666 + N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{x}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + -0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
unpow297.9%
Applied egg-rr97.9%
Final simplification97.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.9%
*-commutative97.9%
Simplified97.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.7%
*-commutative97.7%
Simplified97.7%
unpow297.9%
Applied egg-rr97.7%
Final simplification97.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(x): return 0.0
function code(x) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0; end
code[x_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 50.1%
metadata-eval50.1%
Applied egg-rr50.1%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024123
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (if (< (fabs x) 17/200) (let ((x2 (* x x))) (* x2 (fma (fma (fma -1/37800 x2 1/2835) x2 -1/180) x2 1/6))) (log (/ (sinh x) x))))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))