
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 13 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/ (pow (exp -0.6666666666666666) (/ (/ r s) 2.0)) r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, (powf(expf(-0.6666666666666666f), ((r / s) / 2.0f)) / r), (t_0 * (expf((r / -s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32((exp(Float32(-0.6666666666666666)) ^ Float32(Float32(r / s) / Float32(2.0))) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{{\left(e^{-0.6666666666666666}\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{r}{s}}{2}\right)}}{r}, t\_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
times-frac99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
times-frac99.3%
Simplified99.3%
pow-exp99.0%
sqr-pow99.0%
pow-prod-down99.0%
prod-exp99.4%
metadata-eval99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/ (pow E (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, (powf(((float) M_E), ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r), (t_0 * (expf((r / -s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32((Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{{e}^{\left(\frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}\right)}}{r}, t\_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
times-frac99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
times-frac99.3%
Simplified99.3%
*-un-lft-identity99.3%
exp-prod99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
*-un-lft-identity99.4%
exp-1-e99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
*-lft-identity99.4%
Simplified99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.25 (exp (/ r s))) (* r (* s (* PI 2.0)))) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0))))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / expf((r / s))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)))) + ((0.75f * expf((r / (s * -3.0f)))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0)))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / exp((r / s))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(2.0))))) + ((single(0.75) * exp((r / (s * -single(3.0))))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
rec-exp99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (exp (/ r s))) (* (* s PI) r)) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0)))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / expf((r / s))) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r)) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / exp((r / s))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
rec-exp99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*r*99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333))) (* (* s PI) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + expf(((r / s) * -0.3333333333333333f))) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + exp(((r / s) * single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.3%
mul-1-neg99.3%
distribute-frac-neg299.3%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod9.1%
sqr-neg9.1%
sqrt-unprod9.1%
add-sqr-sqrt9.1%
frac-2neg9.1%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod99.3%
sqr-neg99.3%
sqrt-unprod99.3%
add-sqr-sqrt99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
times-frac99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
times-frac99.3%
Simplified99.3%
*-un-lft-identity99.3%
exp-prod99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
associate-*l*10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
Simplified10.8%
log1p-expm1-u47.1%
*-commutative47.1%
Applied egg-rr47.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0))))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0)))) (/ (/ 0.25 (+ (/ r s) 1.0)) (* r (* s (* PI 2.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.75f * expf((r / (s * -3.0f)))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f)))) + ((0.25f / ((r / s) + 1.0f)) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0)))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(r / s) + Float32(1.0))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.75) * exp((r / (s * -single(3.0))))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0))))) + ((single(0.25) / ((r / s) + single(1.0))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(2.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.25}{\frac{r}{s} + 1}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
rec-exp99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 18.8%
+-commutative18.8%
Simplified18.8%
Final simplification18.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (+ (/ r s) 1.0)) (* (* s PI) r)) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* r (* (* s PI) 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / ((r / s) + 1.0f)) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r)) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (r * ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(r / s) + Float32(1.0))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / ((r / s) + single(1.0))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (r * ((s * single(pi)) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{\frac{r}{s} + 1}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 6\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
rec-exp99.3%
associate-*r/99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 18.8%
+-commutative18.8%
Simplified18.8%
Final simplification18.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(+
(/
(+
(* 0.125 (/ (+ (* 0.05555555555555555 (/ r PI)) (* (/ r PI) 0.5)) s))
(* 0.16666666666666666 (/ -1.0 PI)))
s)
(* 0.25 (/ 1.0 (* PI r))))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((0.125f * (((0.05555555555555555f * (r / ((float) M_PI))) + ((r / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f)) / s)) + (0.16666666666666666f * (-1.0f / ((float) M_PI)))) / s) + (0.25f * (1.0f / (((float) M_PI) * r)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) * Float32(r / Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5))) / s)) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(pi)))) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((single(0.125) * (((single(0.05555555555555555) * (r / single(pi))) + ((r / single(pi)) * single(0.5))) / s)) + (single(0.16666666666666666) * (single(-1.0) / single(pi)))) / s) + (single(0.25) * (single(1.0) / (single(pi) * r)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125 \cdot \frac{0.05555555555555555 \cdot \frac{r}{\pi} + \frac{r}{\pi} \cdot 0.5}{s} + 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{-1}{\pi}}{s} + 0.25 \cdot \frac{1}{\pi \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.4%
Final simplification12.4%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/ 0.25 (* PI r))
(/
(+ (/ (* (/ r PI) -0.06944444444444445) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI))
s))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * r)) - (((((r / ((float) M_PI)) * -0.06944444444444445f) / s) + (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r)) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (single(pi) * r)) - (((((r / single(pi)) * single(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi \cdot r} - \frac{\frac{\frac{r}{\pi} \cdot -0.06944444444444445}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
times-frac99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
times-frac99.3%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.4%
mul-1-neg12.4%
Simplified12.4%
Final simplification12.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (/ 2.0 r) (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((2.0f / r) / (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / r) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((single(2.0) / r) / (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{\frac{2}{r}}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
associate-/r*10.9%
Simplified10.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 (* s PI)) r))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) / r;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) / r) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / (s * single(pi))) / r; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \pi}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.3%
associate-/r*99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
neg-mul-199.3%
times-frac99.3%
metadata-eval99.3%
times-frac99.3%
Simplified99.3%
pow-exp99.0%
sqr-pow99.0%
pow-prod-down99.0%
prod-exp99.4%
metadata-eval99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
associate-/r*10.8%
Simplified10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s PI) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((s * single(pi)) * r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024123
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))