
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(-
(log s)
(* 0.25 (/ s (+ (* -0.25 (* u PI)) (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.25)))))))
(log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - (0.25f * (s / ((-0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) + (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.25f))))))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.25)))))))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - (single(0.25) * (s / ((single(-0.25) * (u * single(pi))) + (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.25)))))))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - 0.25 \cdot \frac{s}{-0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) + \pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.25\right)}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
fma-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (- (log s) (/ s PI)) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((logf(s) - (s / ((float) M_PI))) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(log(s) - Float32(s / Float32(pi))) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((log(s) - (s / single(pi))) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\left(\log s - \frac{s}{\pi}\right) - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
fma-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
log1p-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
+-commutative25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
fma-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
log1p-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
unsub-neg25.4%
Simplified25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (* PI (/ 1.0 s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) * (1.0f / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / s))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{1}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
fma-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
log1p-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
clear-num25.4%
associate-/r/25.4%
Applied egg-rr25.4%
Final simplification25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
+-commutative25.2%
associate-*r/25.2%
fma-define25.2%
Simplified25.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.4%
associate-*r*25.4%
neg-mul-125.4%
log1p-define25.4%
Simplified25.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
distribute-rgt-out11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
mul-1-neg11.0%
unsub-neg11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
distribute-rgt-out11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
distribute-rgt-out11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* (* u PI) 2.0) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((u * ((float) M_PI)) * 2.0f) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = ((u * single(pi)) * single(2.0)) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2 - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
distribute-rgt-out11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
mul-1-neg11.0%
unsub-neg11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
neg-mul-110.9%
Simplified10.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float u, float s) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024117
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))