
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* r (* s (* 2.0 PI)))) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0))))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((r / -s))) / (r * (s * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))))) + ((0.75f * expf((r / (s * -3.0f)))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0)))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((r / -s))) / (r * (s * (single(2.0) * single(pi))))) + ((single(0.75) * exp((r / (s * -single(3.0))))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (exp (/ r s))) (* s (* r PI))) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* r (* PI (* s 6.0)))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / expf((r / s))) / (s * (r * ((float) M_PI)))) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (r * (((float) M_PI) * (s * 6.0f)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(s * Float32(r * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * Float32(6.0))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / exp((r / s))) / (s * (r * single(pi)))) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (r * (single(pi) * (s * single(6.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{s \cdot \left(r \cdot \pi\right)} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
add-exp-log99.1%
associate-*r*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
rec-exp99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ 0.125 (exp (/ r s))) (* s (* r PI))) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* r (* 6.0 (* s PI)))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / expf((r / s))) / (s * (r * ((float) M_PI)))) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (r * (6.0f * (s * ((float) M_PI))))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / exp(Float32(r / s))) / Float32(s * Float32(r * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / exp((r / s))) / (s * (r * single(pi)))) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (r * (single(6.0) * (s * single(pi)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{s \cdot \left(r \cdot \pi\right)} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(6 \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
rec-exp99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333))) (* PI (* r s)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + expf(((r / s) * -0.3333333333333333f))) / (((float) M_PI) * (r * s)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(r * s)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + exp(((r / s) * single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / (single(pi) * (r * s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333}}{\pi \cdot \left(r \cdot s\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
sqrt-unprod98.2%
pow-prod-down98.2%
prod-exp98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Applied egg-rr98.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 98.4%
mul-1-neg98.4%
exp-sqrt99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
associate-/l*99.1%
metadata-eval99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* r PI))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((r * ((float) M_PI)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(r * Float32(pi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(r \cdot \pi\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 8.1%
pow18.1%
Applied egg-rr8.1%
unpow18.1%
*-commutative8.1%
associate-*l*8.1%
Simplified8.1%
log1p-expm1-u39.8%
Applied egg-rr39.8%
Final simplification39.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* r (* PI (* s 6.0))))) (/ (/ 0.125 (+ (/ r s) 1.0)) (* s (* r PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (r * (((float) M_PI) * (s * 6.0f))))) + ((0.125f / ((r / s) + 1.0f)) / (s * (r * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(r * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * Float32(6.0)))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(r / s) + Float32(1.0))) / Float32(s * Float32(r * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (r * (single(pi) * (s * single(6.0)))))) + ((single(0.125) / ((r / s) + single(1.0))) / (s * (r * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot 6\right)\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.125}{\frac{r}{s} + 1}}{s \cdot \left(r \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
add-exp-log99.1%
associate-*r*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
rec-exp99.2%
associate-*r/99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 13.8%
Final simplification13.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* r PI))) (t_1 (/ r (* s PI))))
(+
(/ (+ (/ (- (* 0.0625 t_1) (/ 0.125 PI)) s) t_0) s)
(/
(+ t_0 (/ (- (* t_1 0.006944444444444444) (/ 0.041666666666666664 PI)) s))
s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (r * ((float) M_PI));
float t_1 = r / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return (((((0.0625f * t_1) - (0.125f / ((float) M_PI))) / s) + t_0) / s) + ((t_0 + (((t_1 * 0.006944444444444444f) - (0.041666666666666664f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s);
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) t_1 = Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.0625) * t_1) - Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi))) / s) + t_0) / s) + Float32(Float32(t_0 + Float32(Float32(Float32(t_1 * Float32(0.006944444444444444)) - Float32(Float32(0.041666666666666664) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) t_0 = single(0.125) / (r * single(pi)); t_1 = r / (s * single(pi)); tmp = (((((single(0.0625) * t_1) - (single(0.125) / single(pi))) / s) + t_0) / s) + ((t_0 + (((t_1 * single(0.006944444444444444)) - (single(0.041666666666666664) / single(pi))) / s)) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{r \cdot \pi}\\
t_1 := \frac{r}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\frac{\frac{0.0625 \cdot t\_1 - \frac{0.125}{\pi}}{s} + t\_0}{s} + \frac{t\_0 + \frac{t\_1 \cdot 0.006944444444444444 - \frac{0.041666666666666664}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
times-frac99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
distribute-frac-neg99.3%
associate-/l*99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
add-exp-log99.1%
associate-*r*99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 9.1%
mul-1-neg9.1%
mul-1-neg9.1%
associate-*r/9.1%
metadata-eval9.1%
associate-*r/9.1%
*-commutative9.1%
metadata-eval9.1%
Simplified9.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 8.6%
mul-1-neg8.6%
mul-1-neg8.6%
associate-*r/8.6%
metadata-eval8.6%
associate-*r/8.6%
metadata-eval8.6%
Simplified8.6%
Final simplification8.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(+
(/
(+
(* 0.125 (/ (+ (* 0.05555555555555555 (/ r PI)) (* (/ r PI) 0.5)) s))
(* 0.16666666666666666 (/ -1.0 PI)))
s)
(* 0.25 (/ 1.0 (* r PI))))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((0.125f * (((0.05555555555555555f * (r / ((float) M_PI))) + ((r / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f)) / s)) + (0.16666666666666666f * (-1.0f / ((float) M_PI)))) / s) + (0.25f * (1.0f / (r * ((float) M_PI))))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) * Float32(r / Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5))) / s)) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(pi)))) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((single(0.125) * (((single(0.05555555555555555) * (r / single(pi))) + ((r / single(pi)) * single(0.5))) / s)) + (single(0.16666666666666666) * (single(-1.0) / single(pi)))) / s) + (single(0.25) * (single(1.0) / (r * single(pi))))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125 \cdot \frac{0.05555555555555555 \cdot \frac{r}{\pi} + \frac{r}{\pi} \cdot 0.5}{s} + 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{-1}{\pi}}{s} + 0.25 \cdot \frac{1}{r \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 8.6%
Final simplification8.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/ 0.25 (* r PI))
(/
(+ (/ (* (/ r PI) -0.06944444444444445) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI))
s))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) - (((((r / ((float) M_PI)) * -0.06944444444444445f) / s) + (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (r * single(pi))) - (((((r / single(pi)) * single(-0.06944444444444445)) / s) + (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi} - \frac{\frac{\frac{r}{\pi} \cdot -0.06944444444444445}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
times-frac99.3%
fma-define99.3%
associate-*l*99.2%
associate-/r*99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
*-commutative99.2%
neg-mul-199.2%
times-frac99.2%
metadata-eval99.2%
times-frac99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 8.6%
mul-1-neg8.6%
Simplified8.6%
Final simplification8.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.3%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 8.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024116
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))