HairBSDF, gamma for a refracted ray

Percentage Accurate: 91.6% → 98.6%

Time: 13.8s

Alternatives: 6

Speedup: 3.1×

Specification

\[\left(\left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_O \land sinTheta\_O \leq 1\right) \land \left(-1 \leq h \land h \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq eta \land eta \leq 10\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (asin
  (/
   h
   (sqrt
    (-
     (* eta eta)
     (/
      (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O)
      (sqrt (- 1.0 (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O)))))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / sqrtf(((eta * eta) - ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrtf((1.0f - (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / sqrt(((eta * eta) - ((sintheta_o * sintheta_o) / sqrt((1.0e0 - (sintheta_o * sintheta_o))))))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / sqrt(Float32(Float32(eta * eta) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / sqrt(((eta * eta) - ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrt((single(1.0) - (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))));
end

Initial Program: 91.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (asin
  (/
   h
   (sqrt
    (-
     (* eta eta)
     (/
      (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O)
      (sqrt (- 1.0 (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O)))))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / sqrtf(((eta * eta) - ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrtf((1.0f - (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / sqrt(((eta * eta) - ((sintheta_o * sintheta_o) / sqrt((1.0e0 - (sintheta_o * sintheta_o))))))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / sqrt(Float32(Float32(eta * eta) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / sqrt(((eta * eta) - ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / sqrt((single(1.0) - (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O))))))));
end

Alternative 1: 98.6% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}\\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, t\_0, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot t\_0}}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (- 1.0 (pow sinTheta_O 2.0)) -0.25)))
   (asin
    (/
     h
     (* (sqrt (fma sinTheta_O t_0 eta)) (sqrt (- eta (* sinTheta_O t_0))))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	float t_0 = powf((1.0f - powf(sinTheta_O, 2.0f)), -0.25f);
	return asinf((h / (sqrtf(fmaf(sinTheta_O, t_0, eta)) * sqrtf((eta - (sinTheta_O * t_0))))));
}

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) - (sinTheta_O ^ Float32(2.0))) ^ Float32(-0.25)
	return asin(Float32(h / Float32(sqrt(fma(sinTheta_O, t_0, eta)) * sqrt(Float32(eta - Float32(sinTheta_O * t_0))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}}}\right) \]

   2. difference-of-squares 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. sqrt-div 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod 41.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. pow1/2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. sqrt-pow1 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. pow2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{{sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. sqrt-div 88.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. sqrt-prod 41.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. pow1/2 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   14. sqrt-pow1 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right)}}}\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sqrt-prod 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}} + eta}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   3. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} + eta} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   4. fma-define 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}, eta\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   5. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   7. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   8. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}}}\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}}}}\right) \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {t\_0}^{-0.25}} \cdot \sqrt{eta \cdot \left(1 + {\left(\frac{1}{t\_0}\right)}^{0.25} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta}\right)}}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (- 1.0 (pow sinTheta_O 2.0))))
   (asin
    (/
     h
     (*
      (sqrt (- eta (* sinTheta_O (pow t_0 -0.25))))
      (sqrt (* eta (+ 1.0 (* (pow (/ 1.0 t_0) 0.25) (/ sinTheta_O eta))))))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	float t_0 = 1.0f - powf(sinTheta_O, 2.0f);
	return asinf((h / (sqrtf((eta - (sinTheta_O * powf(t_0, -0.25f)))) * sqrtf((eta * (1.0f + (powf((1.0f / t_0), 0.25f) * (sinTheta_O / eta))))))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = 1.0e0 - (sintheta_o ** 2.0e0)
    code = asin((h / (sqrt((eta - (sintheta_o * (t_0 ** (-0.25e0))))) * sqrt((eta * (1.0e0 + (((1.0e0 / t_0) ** 0.25e0) * (sintheta_o / eta))))))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) - (sinTheta_O ^ Float32(2.0)))
	return asin(Float32(h / Float32(sqrt(Float32(eta - Float32(sinTheta_O * (t_0 ^ Float32(-0.25))))) * sqrt(Float32(eta * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_0) ^ Float32(0.25)) * Float32(sinTheta_O / eta))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	t_0 = single(1.0) - (sinTheta_O ^ single(2.0));
	tmp = asin((h / (sqrt((eta - (sinTheta_O * (t_0 ^ single(-0.25))))) * sqrt((eta * (single(1.0) + (((single(1.0) / t_0) ^ single(0.25)) * (sinTheta_O / eta))))))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}}}\right) \]

   2. difference-of-squares 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. sqrt-div 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod 41.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. pow1/2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. sqrt-pow1 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. pow2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{{sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. sqrt-div 88.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. sqrt-prod 41.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. pow1/2 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   14. sqrt-pow1 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right)}}}\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sqrt-prod 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}} + eta}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   3. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} + eta} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   4. fma-define 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}, eta\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   5. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   7. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   8. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}}}\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}}}}\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in eta around inf 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{eta \cdot \left(1 + {\left(\frac{1}{1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{0.25} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}}}\right) \]

8. Final simplification 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}} \cdot \sqrt{eta \cdot \left(1 + {\left(\frac{1}{1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{0.25} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta}\right)}}\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O + eta}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (asin
  (/
   h
   (*
    (sqrt (- eta (* sinTheta_O (pow (- 1.0 (pow sinTheta_O 2.0)) -0.25))))
    (sqrt (+ sinTheta_O eta))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / (sqrtf((eta - (sinTheta_O * powf((1.0f - powf(sinTheta_O, 2.0f)), -0.25f)))) * sqrtf((sinTheta_O + eta)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / (sqrt((eta - (sintheta_o * ((1.0e0 - (sintheta_o ** 2.0e0)) ** (-0.25e0))))) * sqrt((sintheta_o + eta)))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / Float32(sqrt(Float32(eta - Float32(sinTheta_O * (Float32(Float32(1.0) - (sinTheta_O ^ Float32(2.0))) ^ Float32(-0.25))))) * sqrt(Float32(sinTheta_O + eta)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / (sqrt((eta - (sinTheta_O * ((single(1.0) - (sinTheta_O ^ single(2.0))) ^ single(-0.25))))) * sqrt((sinTheta_O + eta)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}}}\right) \]

   2. difference-of-squares 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. sqrt-div 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod 41.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. pow1/2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. sqrt-pow1 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. pow2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{{sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. sqrt-div 88.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. sqrt-prod 41.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. pow1/2 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   14. sqrt-pow1 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right)}}}\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sqrt-prod 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}} + eta}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   3. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}} + eta} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   4. fma-define 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}, eta\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   5. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}\right) \]

   7. div-inv 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}}}}\right) \]

   8. pow-flip 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\left(-0.25\right)}}}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.25}}}}\right) \]

6. Applied egg-rr 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}, eta\right)} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}}}}\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around 0 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{eta + sinTheta\_O}} \cdot \sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}}}\right) \]

8. Final simplification 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta - sinTheta\_O \cdot {\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{-0.25}} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O + eta}}\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.8% accurate, 2.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(\frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta} \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (asin (/ h (+ eta (* sinTheta_O (* (/ sinTheta_O eta) -0.5))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / (eta + (sinTheta_O * ((sinTheta_O / eta) * -0.5f)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / (eta + (sintheta_o * ((sintheta_o / eta) * (-0.5e0))))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / Float32(eta + Float32(sinTheta_O * Float32(Float32(sinTheta_O / eta) * Float32(-0.5))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / (eta + (sinTheta_O * ((sinTheta_O / eta) * single(-0.5))))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}}}\right) \]

   2. difference-of-squares 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. sqrt-div 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod 41.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. add-sqr-sqrt 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. pow1/2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. sqrt-pow1 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. pow2 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{{sinTheta\_O}^{2}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \sqrt{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. sqrt-div 88.4%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. sqrt-prod 41.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{sinTheta\_O} \cdot \sqrt{sinTheta\_O}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. add-sqr-sqrt 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. pow1/2 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{0.5}}}}\right)}}\right) \]

   14. sqrt-pow1 91.7%

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}}}\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(eta + \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right) \cdot \left(eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O}{{\left(1 - {sinTheta\_O}^{2}\right)}^{0.25}}\right)}}}\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around 0 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(eta + -1 \cdot eta\right)}^{2}}{{eta}^{2}}\right)}{eta} + 0.5 \cdot \frac{eta + -1 \cdot eta}{eta}\right)}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. fma-define 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(eta + -1 \cdot eta\right)}^{2}}{{eta}^{2}}\right)}{eta}, 0.5 \cdot \frac{eta + -1 \cdot eta}{eta}\right)}}\right) \]

7. Simplified 91.7%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{1 + \frac{0}{{eta}^{2}}}{eta}, \frac{0}{eta}\right)}}\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around 0 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta}\right)}}\right) \]

9. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(\frac{sinTheta\_O}{eta} \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.3% accurate, 2.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + -0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{eta}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
 :precision binary32
 (asin (/ h (+ eta (* -0.5 (/ (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O) eta))))))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / (eta + (-0.5f * ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / eta)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / (eta + ((-0.5e0) * ((sintheta_o * sintheta_o) / eta)))))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / Float32(eta + Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / eta)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / (eta + (single(-0.5) * ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O) / eta)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around 0 98.1%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{eta + -0.5 \cdot \frac{{sinTheta\_O}^{2}}{eta}}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + -0.5 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{eta}}\right) \]

5. Applied egg-rr 98.1%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta + -0.5 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{eta}}\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 95.2% accurate, 3.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{eta}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta) :precision binary32 (asin (/ h eta)))

C

float code(float sinTheta_O, float h, float eta) {
	return asinf((h / eta));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(sintheta_o, h, eta)
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: h
    real(4), intent (in) :: eta
    code = asin((h / eta))
end function

Julia

function code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	return asin(Float32(h / eta))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(sinTheta_O, h, eta)
	tmp = asin((h / eta));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 91.7%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\sqrt{eta \cdot eta - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\sqrt{1 - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O}}}}\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in eta around inf 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{h}{\color{blue}{eta}}\right) \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024114 
(FPCore (sinTheta_O h eta)
  :name "HairBSDF, gamma for a refracted ray"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_O) (<= sinTheta_O 1.0)) (and (<= -1.0 h) (<= h 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 eta) (<= eta 10.0)))
  (asin (/ h (sqrt (- (* eta eta) (/ (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O)))))))))