
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -7.4e+30) (not (<= x 4.15e-53))) (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x))) (+ (* 2.0 (/ x y)) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -7.4e+30) || !(x <= 4.15e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
} else {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-7.4d+30)) .or. (.not. (x <= 4.15d-53))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
else
tmp = (2.0d0 * (x / y)) + (-1.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -7.4e+30) || !(x <= 4.15e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
} else {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -7.4e+30) or not (x <= 4.15e-53): tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) else: tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -7.4e+30) || !(x <= 4.15e-53)) tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(x / y)) + -1.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -7.4e+30) || ~((x <= 4.15e-53))) tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); else tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -7.4e+30], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 4.15e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -7.4 \cdot 10^{+30} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4.15 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -7.40000000000000032e30 or 4.1499999999999998e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 77.3%
if -7.40000000000000032e30 < x < 4.1499999999999998e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.3%
Final simplification76.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.2e+28) (not (<= x 4.8e-53))) (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x))) (+ (/ x y) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.2e+28) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.2d+28)) .or. (.not. (x <= 4.8d-53))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
else
tmp = (x / y) + (-1.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.2e+28) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.2e+28) or not (x <= 4.8e-53): tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) else: tmp = (x / y) + -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.2e+28) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x / y) + -1.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.2e+28) || ~((x <= 4.8e-53))) tmp = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); else tmp = (x / y) + -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.2e+28], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 4.8e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{+28} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.19999999999999991e28 or 4.80000000000000015e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 77.3%
if -1.19999999999999991e28 < x < 4.80000000000000015e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.7%
neg-mul-174.7%
Simplified74.7%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 74.9%
Final simplification76.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.15e+29) (not (<= x 1.95e-53))) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (+ (/ x y) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.15e+29) || !(x <= 1.95e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.15d+29)) .or. (.not. (x <= 1.95d-53))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else
tmp = (x / y) + (-1.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.15e+29) || !(x <= 1.95e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.15e+29) or not (x <= 1.95e-53): tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) else: tmp = (x / y) + -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.15e+29) || !(x <= 1.95e-53)) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x / y) + -1.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.15e+29) || ~((x <= 1.95e-53))) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); else tmp = (x / y) + -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.15e+29], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 1.95e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.15 \cdot 10^{+29} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.95 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.1500000000000001e29 or 1.9500000000000001e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 76.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.8%
+-commutative76.8%
mul-1-neg76.8%
remove-double-neg76.8%
distribute-neg-in76.8%
distribute-neg-frac76.8%
neg-sub076.8%
sub-neg76.8%
div-sub76.8%
*-rgt-identity76.8%
associate-*r/76.6%
rgt-mult-inverse76.8%
associate-+l-76.8%
neg-sub076.8%
+-commutative76.8%
sub-neg76.8%
Simplified76.8%
if -1.1500000000000001e29 < x < 1.9500000000000001e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.7%
neg-mul-174.7%
Simplified74.7%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 74.9%
Final simplification75.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -9.5e+29) (not (<= x 4.8e-53))) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) -1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -9.5e+29) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-9.5d+29)) .or. (.not. (x <= 4.8d-53))) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -9.5e+29) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -9.5e+29) or not (x <= 4.8e-53): tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -9.5e+29) || !(x <= 4.8e-53)) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -9.5e+29) || ~((x <= 4.8e-53))) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -9.5e+29], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 4.8e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -9.5 \cdot 10^{+29} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -9.5000000000000003e29 or 4.80000000000000015e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 76.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.8%
+-commutative76.8%
mul-1-neg76.8%
remove-double-neg76.8%
distribute-neg-in76.8%
distribute-neg-frac76.8%
neg-sub076.8%
sub-neg76.8%
div-sub76.8%
*-rgt-identity76.8%
associate-*r/76.6%
rgt-mult-inverse76.8%
associate-+l-76.8%
neg-sub076.8%
+-commutative76.8%
sub-neg76.8%
Simplified76.8%
if -9.5000000000000003e29 < x < 4.80000000000000015e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.0%
Final simplification75.5%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.85e+31) (- 1.0 (/ y x)) (if (<= x 4.15e-53) (+ (/ x y) -1.0) (/ (- x y) x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.85e+31) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 4.15e-53) {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = (x - y) / x;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.85d+31)) then
tmp = 1.0d0 - (y / x)
else if (x <= 4.15d-53) then
tmp = (x / y) + (-1.0d0)
else
tmp = (x - y) / x
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.85e+31) {
tmp = 1.0 - (y / x);
} else if (x <= 4.15e-53) {
tmp = (x / y) + -1.0;
} else {
tmp = (x - y) / x;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.85e+31: tmp = 1.0 - (y / x) elif x <= 4.15e-53: tmp = (x / y) + -1.0 else: tmp = (x - y) / x return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.85e+31) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / x)); elseif (x <= 4.15e-53) tmp = Float64(Float64(x / y) + -1.0); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x - y) / x); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.85e+31) tmp = 1.0 - (y / x); elseif (x <= 4.15e-53) tmp = (x / y) + -1.0; else tmp = (x - y) / x; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.85e+31], N[(1.0 - N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 4.15e-53], N[(N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.85 \cdot 10^{+31}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 4.15 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x - y}{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.8499999999999999e31Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 77.3%
+-commutative77.3%
mul-1-neg77.3%
remove-double-neg77.3%
distribute-neg-in77.3%
distribute-neg-frac77.3%
neg-sub077.3%
sub-neg77.3%
div-sub77.3%
*-rgt-identity77.3%
associate-*r/77.1%
rgt-mult-inverse77.3%
associate-+l-77.3%
neg-sub077.3%
+-commutative77.3%
sub-neg77.3%
Simplified77.3%
if -1.8499999999999999e31 < x < 4.1499999999999998e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.7%
neg-mul-174.7%
Simplified74.7%
Taylor expanded in y around inf 74.9%
if 4.1499999999999998e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 76.2%
Final simplification75.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -3.4e+27) 1.0 (if (<= x 3.8e-53) -1.0 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.4e+27) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 3.8e-53) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-3.4d+27)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 3.8d-53) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.4e+27) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 3.8e-53) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -3.4e+27: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 3.8e-53: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -3.4e+27) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 3.8e-53) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -3.4e+27) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 3.8e-53) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -3.4e+27], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 3.8e-53], -1.0, 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+27}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.4e27 or 3.7999999999999998e-53 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 76.3%
if -3.4e27 < x < 3.7999999999999998e-53Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 47.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
def code(x, y): return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + y)) - Float64(y / Float64(x + y))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x}{x + y} - \frac{y}{x + y}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024113
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Data.Colour.RGB:hslsv from colour-2.3.3, D"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y))))
(/ (- x y) (+ x y)))