HairBSDF, Mp, lower

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.5%

Time: 15.9s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: N/A×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_i \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_O \land cosTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_i \land sinTheta\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_O \land sinTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1.5707964 \leq v \land v \leq 0.1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ 0.5 v) (pow E (+ 0.6931 (/ -1.0 v)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (0.5f / v) * powf(((float) M_E), (0.6931f + (-1.0f / v)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * (Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(Float32(0.6931) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * (single(2.71828182845904523536) ^ (single(0.6931) + (single(-1.0) / v)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

   2. exp-prod 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(e^{1}\right)}^{\left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

   3. exp-1-e 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {\color{blue}{e}}^{\left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)} \]

   4. associate--l+ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v} - \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)}} \]

   5. sub-div 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1}{v}}\right)} \]

   6. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} - 1}{v}\right)} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{{e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O - 1}{v}\right)}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

9. Final simplification 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}\right)} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ 0.5 v) (exp (+ 0.6931 (/ -1.0 v)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (0.5f / v) * expf((0.6931f + (-1.0f / v)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (0.5e0 / v) * exp((0.6931e0 + ((-1.0e0) / v)))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * exp(Float32(Float32(0.6931) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * exp((single(0.6931) + (single(-1.0) / v)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0.6931} - \frac{1}{v}} \]

7. Final simplification 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ 0.5 v) (pow E (/ -1.0 v))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (0.5f / v) * powf(((float) M_E), (-1.0f / v));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * (Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * (single(2.71828182845904523536) ^ (single(-1.0) / v));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

   2. exp-prod 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(e^{1}\right)}^{\left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

   3. exp-1-e 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {\color{blue}{e}}^{\left(\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)} \]

   4. associate--l+ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v} - \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)}} \]

   5. sub-div 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1}{v}}\right)} \]

   6. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} - 1}{v}\right)} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{{e}^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O - 1}{v}\right)}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot {e}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{-1}{v}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ 0.5 v) (exp (/ -1.0 v))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (0.5f / v) * expf((-1.0f / v));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (0.5e0 / v) * exp(((-1.0e0) / v))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * exp(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * exp((single(-1.0) / v));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0.6931 + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around 0 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0.6931} - \frac{1}{v}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{v}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 36.6% accurate, 24.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{v} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (* -0.5 (/ (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_i) v)) v))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (-0.5f * ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_i) / v)) / v;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = ((-0.5e0) * ((sintheta_o * sintheta_i) / v)) / v
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_i) / v)) / v)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(-0.5) * ((sinTheta_O * sinTheta_i) / v)) / v;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. associate-/l* 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

   4. distribute-rgt-neg-in 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}} \]

   5. distribute-neg-frac2 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

7. Simplified 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around inf 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 + -0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{v}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around inf 36.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{v} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 13.9% accurate, 24.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}{v} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (* -0.5 (/ sinTheta_O (/ v sinTheta_i))) v))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (-0.5f * (sinTheta_O / (v / sinTheta_i))) / v;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = ((-0.5e0) * (sintheta_o / (v / sintheta_i))) / v
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(sinTheta_O / Float32(v / sinTheta_i))) / v)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(-0.5) * (sinTheta_O / (v / sinTheta_i))) / v;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. associate-/l* 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

   4. distribute-rgt-neg-in 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}} \]

   5. distribute-neg-frac2 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

7. Simplified 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around inf 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 + -0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{v}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around inf 36.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{v} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r/ 16.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]

11. Simplified 16.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. clear-num 16.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}\right)}{v} \]

    2. un-div-inv 16.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}}{v} \]

13. Applied egg-rr 16.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}}{v} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 13.9% accurate, 24.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{v} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (* -0.5 (* sinTheta_O (/ sinTheta_i v))) v))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (-0.5f * (sinTheta_O * (sinTheta_i / v))) / v;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = ((-0.5e0) * (sintheta_o * (sintheta_i / v))) / v
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(sinTheta_O * Float32(sinTheta_i / v))) / v)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(-0.5) * (sinTheta_O * (sinTheta_i / v))) / v;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. associate-/l* 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

   4. distribute-rgt-neg-in 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}} \]

   5. distribute-neg-frac2 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

7. Simplified 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around inf 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 + -0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{v}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around inf 36.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{v} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r/ 16.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]

11. Simplified 16.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 13.9% accurate, 24.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ -0.5 (/ v (* sinTheta_O (/ sinTheta_i v)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return -0.5f / (v / (sinTheta_O * (sinTheta_i / v)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (-0.5e0) / (v / (sintheta_o * (sintheta_i / v)))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(v / Float32(sinTheta_O * Float32(sinTheta_i / v))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(-0.5) / (v / (sinTheta_O * (sinTheta_i / v)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. associate-/l* 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

   4. distribute-rgt-neg-in 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}} \]

   5. distribute-neg-frac2 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

7. Simplified 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around inf 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 + -0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{v}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around inf 36.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{v} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r/ 16.1%

       \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]

11. Simplified 16.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}{v} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. clear-num 16.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{v}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}}} \]

    2. inv-pow 16.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{v}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]

    3. *-un-lft-identity 16.9%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot v}}{-0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}\right)}^{-1} \]

    4. times-frac 16.5%

       \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-0.5} \cdot \frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}\right)}}^{-1} \]

    5. metadata-eval 16.5%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}\right)}^{-1} \]

13. Applied egg-rr 16.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
14. Step-by-step derivation

    1. unpow-1 16.5%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-2 \cdot \frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}}} \]

    2. associate-/r* 16.0%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{-2}}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}}} \]

    3. metadata-eval 16.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-0.5}}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

15. Simplified 16.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}}} \]
16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 4.7% accurate, 74.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ 0.5 v))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return 0.5f / v;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = 0.5e0 / v
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(0.5) / v;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. exp-sum 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   4. associate-/r* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931} \]

   6. associate--l- 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} + 0.6931} \]

   7. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}} - \left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   8. associate-/l* 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}} + \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931} \]

   9. fma-define 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right) + 0.6931} \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} - \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{1}{v}\right)\right) + 0.6931}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. associate-/l* 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{-\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

   4. distribute-rgt-neg-in 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}} \]

   5. distribute-neg-frac2 11.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

7. Simplified 11.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{-v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around inf 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024112 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
  :name "HairBSDF, Mp, lower"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_i) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_O) (<= cosTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_i) (<= sinTheta_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_O) (<= sinTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.5707964 v) (<= v 0.1)))
  (exp (+ (+ (- (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v)) (/ 1.0 v)) 0.6931) (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))