Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.4%
Time: 10.8s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -6}}}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v, -v, 1\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) (sqrt (+ 2.0 (* (* v v) -6.0))))
  (* PI (* t (fma v (- v) 1.0)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / sqrt((2.0 + ((v * v) * -6.0)))) / (((double) M_PI) * (t * fma(v, -v, 1.0)));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / sqrt(Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(v * v) * -6.0)))) / Float64(pi * Float64(t * fma(v, Float64(-v), 1.0))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 + N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -6.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(Pi * N[(t * N[(v * (-v) + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -6}}}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v, -v, 1\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -6}}}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v, -v, 1\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -6}}}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v, -v, 1\right)\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot \left(v \cdot 3\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (+ 1.0 (* (* v v) -5.0))
  (* (* PI t) (* (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* v (* v 3.0))))) (- 1.0 (* v v))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 + ((v * v) * -5.0)) / ((((double) M_PI) * t) * (sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (v * (v * 3.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 + ((v * v) * -5.0)) / ((Math.PI * t) * (Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (v * (v * 3.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 + ((v * v) * -5.0)) / ((math.pi * t) * (math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (v * (v * 3.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v))))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(v * v) * -5.0)) / Float64(Float64(pi * t) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * Float64(v * 3.0))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 + ((v * v) * -5.0)) / ((pi * t) * (sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (v * (v * 3.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 + N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(v * N[(v * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot \left(v \cdot 3\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - \left(3 \cdot v\right) \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot \left(v \cdot 3\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 5}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- 1.0 (* (* v v) 5.0)) (* (- 1.0 (* v v)) (* t (* PI (sqrt 2.0))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - ((v * v) * 5.0)) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * (t * (((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0))));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - ((v * v) * 5.0)) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * (t * (Math.PI * Math.sqrt(2.0))));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - ((v * v) * 5.0)) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * (t * (math.pi * math.sqrt(2.0))))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(v * v) * 5.0)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)) * Float64(t * Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0)))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - ((v * v) * 5.0)) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * (t * (pi * sqrt(2.0))));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 5}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow199.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)}^{1}} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. associate-*l*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}^{1} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow299.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}\right)}\right)\right)}^{1} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)}^{1}} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow199.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-3 \cdot {v}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. distribute-lft-in99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot 1 + 2 \cdot \left(-3 \cdot {v}^{2}\right)}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2} + 2 \cdot \left(-3 \cdot {v}^{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 + 2 \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot 3}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(-3\right)\right)}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 + 2 \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{-3}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 + 2 \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot -3\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  9. Simplified99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  10. Final simplification99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 5}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (* (/ (sqrt 0.5) PI) (/ 1.0 t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (sqrt(0.5) / ((double) M_PI)) * (1.0 / t);
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (Math.sqrt(0.5) / Math.PI) * (1.0 / t);
}
def code(v, t):
	return (math.sqrt(0.5) / math.pi) * (1.0 / t)
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(sqrt(0.5) / pi) * Float64(1.0 / t))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (sqrt(0.5) / pi) * (1.0 / t);
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - \left(3 \cdot v\right) \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  6. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt52.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod32.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    3. frac-times32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    4. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    5. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-1} \cdot \color{blue}{{t}^{-1}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    6. pow-prod-up32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(-1 + -1\right)}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-2}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    8. pow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    4. swap-sqr32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    5. rem-square-sqrt32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Simplified32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {t}^{-2}}}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    2. times-frac32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    4. rem-square-sqrt32.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    5. sqr-pow32.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)} \cdot {t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    6. frac-times32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    8. inv-pow32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t}}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    9. associate-/r*32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    10. metadata-eval32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    11. inv-pow32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t}}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    12. associate-/r*32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}}\right)} \]
    13. swap-sqr32.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}\right)}} \]
    14. sqrt-unprod52.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}}} \]
  12. Applied egg-rr98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
  13. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{t} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.4% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* t (* PI (sqrt 2.0)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (t * (((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (t * (Math.PI * Math.sqrt(2.0)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return 1.0 / (t * (math.pi * math.sqrt(2.0)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(t * Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = 1.0 / (t * (pi * sqrt(2.0)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(t * N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - \left(3 \cdot v\right) \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Final simplification99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 98.5% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ 1.0 PI) (* t (sqrt 2.0))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / (t * sqrt(2.0));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / Math.PI) / (t * Math.sqrt(2.0));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 / math.pi) / (t * math.sqrt(2.0))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / pi) / Float64(t * sqrt(2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 / pi) / (t * sqrt(2.0));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - \left(3 \cdot v\right) \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  6. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt52.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod32.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    3. frac-times32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    4. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    5. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-1} \cdot \color{blue}{{t}^{-1}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    6. pow-prod-up32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(-1 + -1\right)}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-2}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    8. pow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    4. swap-sqr32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    5. rem-square-sqrt32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Simplified32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqrt-div32.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{{t}^{-2}}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-pow199.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    3. sqrt-prod99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \pi}}} \]
    4. sqrt-prod99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi} \cdot \sqrt{\pi}\right)}} \]
    5. add-sqr-sqrt99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}} \]
    6. div-inv99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto {t}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi} \]
    8. inv-pow99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi} \]
  12. Applied egg-rr99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}} \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. frac-times99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    2. metadata-eval99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)} \]
    3. associate-*r*99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \pi}} \]
    4. *-commutative99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \pi} \]
    5. *-commutative99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
    6. associate-/r*99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot t}} \]
    7. *-commutative99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  14. Applied egg-rr99.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  15. Final simplification99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 97.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi \cdot t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (sqrt 0.5) (* PI t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return sqrt(0.5) / (((double) M_PI) * t);
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return Math.sqrt(0.5) / (Math.PI * t);
}
def code(v, t):
	return math.sqrt(0.5) / (math.pi * t)
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(sqrt(0.5) / Float64(pi * t))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = sqrt(0.5) / (pi * t);
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi \cdot t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2 + \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -6}}}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v, -v, 1\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in v around 0 98.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t \cdot \pi}} \]
  5. Final simplification98.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi \cdot t} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 97.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (sqrt 0.5) t) PI))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (sqrt(0.5) / t) / ((double) M_PI);
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (Math.sqrt(0.5) / t) / Math.PI;
}
def code(v, t):
	return (math.sqrt(0.5) / t) / math.pi
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(sqrt(0.5) / t) / pi)
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (sqrt(0.5) / t) / pi;
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - \left(3 \cdot v\right) \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Add Preprocessing
  4. Taylor expanded in v around 0 99.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  6. Simplified99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt52.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod32.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{t}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    3. frac-times32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{t} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    4. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{1}{t}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    5. inv-pow32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-1} \cdot \color{blue}{{t}^{-1}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    6. pow-prod-up32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(-1 + -1\right)}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-2}}}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    8. pow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow232.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    4. swap-sqr32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    5. rem-square-sqrt32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{\color{blue}{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Simplified32.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{t}^{-2}}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-un-lft-identity32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {t}^{-2}}}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    2. times-frac32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval32.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    4. rem-square-sqrt32.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{{t}^{-2}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    5. sqr-pow32.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)} \cdot {t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}}{\pi \cdot \pi}} \]
    6. frac-times32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    8. inv-pow32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t}}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    9. associate-/r*32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{-2}{2}\right)}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    10. metadata-eval32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    11. inv-pow32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{t}}}{\pi}\right)} \]
    12. associate-/r*32.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}}\right)} \]
    13. swap-sqr32.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}\right)}} \]
    14. sqrt-unprod52.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{t \cdot \pi}}} \]
  12. Applied egg-rr98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{t}} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in t around 0 98.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t \cdot \pi}} \]
  14. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}}{\pi}} \]
  15. Simplified98.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}}{\pi}} \]
  16. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{0.5}}{t}}{\pi} \]
  17. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024112 
(FPCore (v t)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))