
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* u (/ (* PI 2.0) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (exp (log (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))) - expf(logf((s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - exp(log(Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot 2}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - e^{\log \left(s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
associate-*l/25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
add-exp-log25.1%
Applied egg-rr25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* u (/ (* PI 2.0) (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) / (1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot 2}{1 + \frac{\pi}{s}} - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
associate-*l/25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* s 2.0) (/ (* s (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))) u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((s * 2.0f) - ((s * logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)))) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(s * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((s * single(2.0)) - ((s * log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s)))) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(s \cdot 2 - \frac{s \cdot \log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
associate-*l/25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.1%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* u (* s 2.0)) (* s (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (u * (s * 2.0f)) - (s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(u * Float32(s * Float32(2.0))) - Float32(s * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(s \cdot 2\right) - s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
associate-*l/25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (* u 2.0) (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((u * 2.0f) - log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(2.0)) - log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(u \cdot 2 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
associate-/l*25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
associate-*l/25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.1%
associate-*r*25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
distribute-rgt-out--25.1%
Applied egg-rr25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Final simplification25.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (pow s 2.0) (- PI)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return powf(s, 2.0f) / -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32((s ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(-Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (s ^ single(2.0)) / -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{{s}^{2}}{-\pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
+-commutative24.8%
associate-*r/24.8%
fma-define24.8%
Simplified24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
log1p-define25.1%
*-commutative25.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
associate-+l+25.1%
+-commutative25.1%
mul-1-neg25.1%
unsub-neg25.1%
Simplified25.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.6%
mul-1-neg12.6%
distribute-neg-frac212.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (+ (* (* u PI) 0.5) (* PI -0.25))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return 4.0f * (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f) + (((float) M_PI) * -0.25f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(-0.25)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(4.0) * (((u * single(pi)) * single(0.5)) + (single(pi) * single(-0.25))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
4 \cdot \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 0.5 + \pi \cdot -0.25\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.0%
associate--r+12.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.0%
distribute-rgt-out--12.0%
*-commutative12.0%
metadata-eval12.0%
metadata-eval12.0%
*-commutative12.0%
Simplified12.0%
Final simplification12.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (+ (* u -0.5) 0.25))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * ((u * -0.5f) + 0.25f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-0.5)) + Float32(0.25)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * ((u * single(-0.5)) + single(0.25))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot -0.5 + 0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.0%
associate--r+12.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.0%
metadata-eval12.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv12.0%
associate-*r*12.0%
distribute-rgt-out12.0%
*-commutative12.0%
metadata-eval12.0%
*-commutative12.0%
associate-*l*12.0%
Simplified12.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 12.0%
associate-*r*12.0%
distribute-rgt-out12.0%
*-commutative12.0%
Simplified12.0%
Final simplification12.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ PI (- s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (((float) M_PI) / -s);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(pi) / -s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{\pi}{-s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 6.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 11.8%
Final simplification11.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.8%
neg-mul-111.8%
Simplified11.8%
Final simplification11.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024112
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))