Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_x

Percentage Accurate: 99.0% → 98.9%

Time: 10.1s

Alternatives: 11

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(cosTheta\_i > 0.9999 \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u2 \land u2 \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * cosf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Initial Program: 99.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * cosf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{1 - u1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (pow (/ (- 1.0 u1) u1) -0.5) (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return powf(((1.0f - u1) / u1), -0.5f) * cosf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = (((1.0e0 - u1) / u1) ** (-0.5e0)) * cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32((Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1) / u1) ^ Float32(-0.5)) * cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = (((single(1.0) - u1) / u1) ^ single(-0.5)) * cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sqrt-div 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-sub 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. *-inverses 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. inv-pow 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}\right)}^{-1}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. sqrt-pow2 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

8. Applied egg-rr 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lft-identity 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 99.0%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

10. Simplified 99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 99.0%

    \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 + -1 \cdot u1}{u1}\right)}}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. neg-mul-1 99.0%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{1 + \color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

    2. sub-neg 99.0%

       \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 - u1}}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

13. Simplified 99.0%

    \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - u1}{u1}\right)}}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 93.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0.9999992251396179:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2))))
   (if (<= t_0 0.9999992251396179)
     (* t_0 (sqrt (* u1 (+ 1.0 u1))))
     (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float t_0 = cosf((6.28318530718f * u2));
	float tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.9999992251396179f) {
		tmp = t_0 * sqrtf((u1 * (1.0f + u1)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrtf((1.0f / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    real(4) :: t_0
    real(4) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
    if (t_0 <= 0.9999992251396179e0) then
        tmp = t_0 * sqrt((u1 * (1.0e0 + u1)))
    else
        tmp = sqrt((1.0e0 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (t_0 <= Float32(0.9999992251396179))
		tmp = Float32(t_0 * sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(1.0) + u1))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (t_0 <= single(0.9999992251396179))
		tmp = t_0 * sqrt((u1 * (single(1.0) + u1)));
	else
		tmp = sqrt((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (cos.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 314159265359/50000000000 binary32) u2)) < 0.999999225

   1. Initial program 98.1%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 84.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 84.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. Simplified 84.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   if 0.999999225 < (cos.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 314159265359/50000000000 binary32) u2))

   1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. clear-num 99.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. sqrt-div 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. div-sub 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. sub-neg 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. *-inverses 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      5. +-commutative 99.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. Simplified 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 93.4%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \leq 0.9999992251396179:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 90.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;6.28318530718 \cdot u2 \leq 0.010200000368058681:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* 6.28318530718 u2) 0.010200000368058681)
   (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0)))
   (* (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2)) (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float tmp;
	if ((6.28318530718f * u2) <= 0.010200000368058681f) {
		tmp = sqrtf((1.0f / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)));
	} else {
		tmp = cosf((6.28318530718f * u2)) * sqrtf(u1);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((6.28318530718e0 * u2) <= 0.010200000368058681e0) then
        tmp = sqrt((1.0e0 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))
    else
        tmp = cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2)) * sqrt(u1)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2) <= Float32(0.010200000368058681))
		tmp = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)) * sqrt(u1));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((single(6.28318530718) * u2) <= single(0.010200000368058681))
		tmp = sqrt((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))));
	else
		tmp = cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2)) * sqrt(u1);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 #s(literal 314159265359/50000000000 binary32) u2) < 0.0102000004

   1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. clear-num 99.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. sqrt-div 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. div-sub 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. sub-neg 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. *-inverses 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      5. +-commutative 98.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. Simplified 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 96.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \]

   if 0.0102000004 < (*.f32 #s(literal 314159265359/50000000000 binary32) u2)

   1. Initial program 97.7%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 74.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 89.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;6.28318530718 \cdot u2 \leq 0.010200000368058681:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2)) (pow (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0) -0.5)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return cosf((6.28318530718f * u2)) * powf(((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f), -0.5f);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2)) * (((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0)) ** (-0.5e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)) * (Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0)) ^ Float32(-0.5)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2)) * (((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0)) ^ single(-0.5));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sqrt-div 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-sub 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. *-inverses 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. inv-pow 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}\right)}^{-1}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. sqrt-pow2 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

8. Applied egg-rr 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-lft-identity 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 99.0%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}}^{-0.5} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

10. Simplified 99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

11. Final simplification 99.0%

    \[\leadsto \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2)) (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return cosf((6.28318530718f * u2)) * sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = cos((6.28318530718e0 * u2)) * sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)) * sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = cos((single(6.28318530718) * u2)) * sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 79.9% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((1.0f / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((1.0e0 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sqrt-div 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-sub 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. *-inverses 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \]

8. Final simplification 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 79.9% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (pow (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0) -0.5))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return powf(((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f), -0.5f);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0)) ** (-0.5e0)
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0)) ^ Float32(-0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0)) ^ single(-0.5);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sqrt-div 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. div-sub 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. *-inverses 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-\color{blue}{1}\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. +-commutative 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. inv-pow 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}}^{-1} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. unpow-prod-down 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}^{-1}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. pow1/2 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.5}}}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. sqrt-pow1 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \left({\color{blue}{\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\sqrt{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}\right)}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   7. pow1/2 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.5}}}\right)}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   8. sqrt-pow1 97.7%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{0.5}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   9. metadata-eval 97.7%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.25}}\right)}^{-1}\right) \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

8. Applied egg-rr 97.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-1}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow-sqr 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot -1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. +-commutative 98.1%

      \[\leadsto {\left({\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}}^{0.25}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.1%

      \[\leadsto {\left({\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

10. Simplified 98.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{0.25}\right)}^{-2}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. sub-neg 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-1\right)}}} \]

    2. metadata-eval 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \]

    3. +-commutative 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1 + \frac{1}{u1}}}} \]

    4. unpow-1 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-1}}} \]

    5. metadata-eval 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -0.5\right)}}} \]

    6. pow-sqr 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}}} \]

    7. rem-sqrt-square 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left|{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.5}\right|} \]

    8. metadata-eval 80.1%

       \[\leadsto \left|{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -0.25\right)}}\right| \]

    9. pow-sqr 79.5%

       \[\leadsto \left|\color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.25} \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.25}}\right| \]

    10. fabs-sqr 79.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.25} \cdot {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{-0.25}} \]

    11. pow-sqr 80.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot -0.25\right)}} \]

    12. metadata-eval 80.1%

        \[\leadsto {\left(-1 + \frac{1}{u1}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]

    13. +-commutative 80.1%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}}^{-0.5} \]

13. Simplified 80.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} + -1\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 80.0% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 71.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (sqrt (* u1 (+ 1.0 u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 * (1.0f + u1)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 * (1.0e0 + u1)))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(1.0) + u1)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 * (single(1.0) + u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 70.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 70.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)}} \]

7. Final simplification 70.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 63.5% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (sqrt u1))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(u1);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt(u1)
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(u1)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(u1);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 61.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 20.2% accurate, 69.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ u1 + 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (+ u1 0.5))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return u1 + 0.5f;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = u1 + 0.5e0
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(u1 + Float32(0.5))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = u1 + single(0.5);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 80.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 70.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Simplified 70.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in u1 around inf 21.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(1 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{u1}\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-rgt-in 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot u1 + \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{u1}\right) \cdot u1} \]

   2. *-lft-identity 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u1} + \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{u1}\right) \cdot u1 \]

   3. associate-*l* 21.1%

      \[\leadsto u1 + \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{u1} \cdot u1\right)} \]

   4. lft-mult-inverse 21.1%

      \[\leadsto u1 + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]

   5. metadata-eval 21.1%

      \[\leadsto u1 + \color{blue}{0.5} \]

9. Simplified 21.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u1 + 0.5} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024111 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
  :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_x"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (> cosTheta_i 0.9999) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
  (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (cos (* 6.28318530718 u2))))