
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 t_0))
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ u (- -1.0 t_0)))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((1.0f / (1.0f + t_0)) + ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + (u / (-1.0f - t_0))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)) + Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - t_0))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = exp((single(pi) / s)); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + t_0)) + ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + (u / (single(-1.0) - t_0))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{1 + t\_0} + \left(\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{u}{-1 - t\_0}\right)} + -1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.0%
mul-1-neg99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(-
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(/ u (- -1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) - (u / (-1.0f - expf((((float) M_PI) / -s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) - Float32(u / Float32(Float32(-1.0) - exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) - (u / (single(-1.0) - exp((single(pi) / -s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} - \frac{u}{-1 - e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log (+ -1.0 (+ 2.0 (* 4.0 (/ (* PI 0.25) s))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (2.0f + (4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * 0.25f) / s)))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)) / s))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(2.0) + (single(4.0) * ((single(pi) * single(0.25)) / s))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \left(2 + 4 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot 0.25}{s}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (if (<= s 2.9999999047965676e-20) (* s 0.0) (* -4.0 (* PI (* u (+ -0.5 (/ 0.25 u)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float tmp;
if (s <= 2.9999999047965676e-20f) {
tmp = s * 0.0f;
} else {
tmp = -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (u * (-0.5f + (0.25f / u))));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(u, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (s <= Float32(2.9999999047965676e-20)) tmp = Float32(s * Float32(0.0)); else tmp = Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(-0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.25) / u))))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(u, s) tmp = single(0.0); if (s <= single(2.9999999047965676e-20)) tmp = s * single(0.0); else tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (u * (single(-0.5) + (single(0.25) / u)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;s \leq 2.9999999047965676 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\
\;\;\;\;s \cdot 0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(-0.5 + \frac{0.25}{u}\right)\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if s < 2.9999999e-20Initial program 99.3%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 13.5%
if 2.9999999e-20 < s Initial program 98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 15.8%
associate--r+15.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv15.8%
metadata-eval15.8%
cancel-sign-sub-inv15.8%
associate-*r*15.8%
distribute-rgt-out15.8%
metadata-eval15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
Simplified15.8%
add-cube-cbrt15.9%
pow315.9%
Applied egg-rr15.9%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
fma-define15.8%
associate-*r/15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
associate-/l*15.8%
Simplified15.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 15.8%
distribute-rgt-in15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
associate-*r/15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
associate-*r/15.8%
distribute-rgt-in15.8%
distribute-lft-in15.8%
*-commutative15.8%
associate-*l*15.8%
Simplified15.8%
Final simplification14.5%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* -4.0 (* PI (* u (+ -0.5 (/ 0.25 u))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -4.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (u * (-0.5f + (0.25f / u))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(-0.5) + Float32(Float32(0.25) / u))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(-4.0) * (single(pi) * (u * (single(-0.5) + (single(0.25) / u)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-4 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(-0.5 + \frac{0.25}{u}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.3%
associate--r+11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
associate-*r*11.3%
distribute-rgt-out11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
Simplified11.3%
add-cube-cbrt11.3%
pow311.3%
Applied egg-rr11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
fma-define11.3%
associate-*r/11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
associate-/l*11.3%
Simplified11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.3%
distribute-rgt-in11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
associate-*r/11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
associate-*r/11.3%
distribute-rgt-in11.3%
distribute-lft-in11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
associate-*l*11.3%
Simplified11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (- (* PI 2.0) (/ PI u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) - (((float) M_PI) / u));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(pi) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = u * ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) - (single(pi) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2 - \frac{\pi}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.3%
associate--r+11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
associate-*r*11.3%
distribute-rgt-out11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
Simplified11.3%
add-cube-cbrt11.3%
pow311.3%
Applied egg-rr11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 11.3%
+-commutative11.3%
mul-1-neg11.3%
unsub-neg11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
Simplified11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.3%
associate--r+11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.3%
associate-*r*11.3%
distribute-rgt-out11.3%
metadata-eval11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
Simplified11.3%
add-cube-cbrt11.3%
pow311.3%
Applied egg-rr11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
associate-*r*11.3%
distribute-rgt-out11.3%
Simplified11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.1%
mul-1-neg11.1%
Simplified11.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 PI)
float code(float u, float s) {
return (float) M_PI;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(pi) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.1%
associate-*r/11.1%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod8.9%
sqr-neg8.9%
sqrt-unprod4.7%
add-sqr-sqrt4.7%
Applied egg-rr4.7%
associate-/l*4.7%
Simplified4.7%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 4.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024111
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))