Migdal et al, Equation (51)

Percentage Accurate: 99.4% → 99.5%
Time: 16.9s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\\ \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0}}{{t\_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* PI n))))
   (/ (* (pow k -0.5) (sqrt t_0)) (pow t_0 (* k 0.5)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = 2.0 * (((double) M_PI) * n);
	return (pow(k, -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / pow(t_0, (k * 0.5));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = 2.0 * (Math.PI * n);
	return (Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.sqrt(t_0)) / Math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5));
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = 2.0 * (math.pi * n)
	return (math.pow(k, -0.5) * math.sqrt(t_0)) / math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5))
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi * n))
	return Float64(Float64((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / (t_0 ^ Float64(k * 0.5)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = 2.0 * (pi * n);
	tmp = ((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / (t_0 ^ (k * 0.5));
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 * N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[t$95$0, N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\\
\frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0}}{{t\_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \]
    4. pow-div99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    5. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    6. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    7. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    8. pow-flip99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    10. div-inv99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {t\_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* n (* 2.0 PI))))
   (/ (sqrt t_0) (* (sqrt k) (pow t_0 (* k 0.5))))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI));
	return sqrt(t_0) / (sqrt(k) * pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = n * (2.0 * Math.PI);
	return Math.sqrt(t_0) / (Math.sqrt(k) * Math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = n * (2.0 * math.pi)
	return math.sqrt(t_0) / (math.sqrt(k) * math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))
	return Float64(sqrt(t_0) / Float64(sqrt(k) * (t_0 ^ Float64(k * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = n * (2.0 * pi);
	tmp = sqrt(t_0) / (sqrt(k) * (t_0 ^ (k * 0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
\frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {t\_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-un-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. associate-*r*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. pow-div99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. pow1/299.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    9. div-inv99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. unpow1/299.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{{k}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot 0.25\right)}}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.25} \cdot {k}^{0.25}}} \]
    5. fabs-sqr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|{k}^{0.25} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right|}} \]
    6. pow-sqr99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(2 \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right|} \]
    7. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|{k}^{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right|} \]
    8. unpow1/299.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{k}}\right|} \]
    9. fabs-neg99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|-\sqrt{k}\right|}} \]
    10. neg-mul-199.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \sqrt{k}}\right|} \]
    11. rem-square-sqrt0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{k}\right|} \]
    12. unpow1/20.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}\right|} \]
    13. metadata-eval0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right) \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right|} \]
    14. pow-sqr0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{0.25} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right)}\right|} \]
    15. unswap-sqr0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right)}\right|} \]
    16. fabs-sqr0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right)}} \]
    17. unswap-sqr0.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right) \cdot \left({k}^{0.25} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right)}} \]
    18. rem-square-sqrt24.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left({k}^{0.25} \cdot {k}^{0.25}\right)} \]
    19. pow-sqr24.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(2 \cdot 0.25\right)}}} \]
    20. metadata-eval24.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{-1 \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{0.5}}} \]
    21. unpow1/224.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}}{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  6. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
  7. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 58.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 9.6e+58)
   (* (pow k -0.5) (sqrt (* n (* 2.0 PI))))
   (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ -1.0 (fma n (/ PI k) 1.0))))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 9.6e+58) {
		tmp = pow(k, -0.5) * sqrt((n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI))));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (-1.0 + fma(n, (((double) M_PI) / k), 1.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 9.6e+58)
		tmp = Float64((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-1.0 + fma(n, Float64(pi / k), 1.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 9.6e+58], N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(-1.0 + N[(n * N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{+58}:\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 9.5999999999999999e58

    1. Initial program 99.2%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 60.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*60.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified60.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow160.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod60.6%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num60.6%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv60.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr60.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow160.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative60.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/60.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified60.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative60.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. sqrt-prod60.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
      3. associate-*l/60.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      4. *-commutative60.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      5. sqrt-div82.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\pi \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      6. *-commutative82.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      7. *-un-lft-identity82.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      8. associate-*l/82.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      9. associate-*r*82.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      10. pow1/282.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      11. pow-flip82.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval82.2%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      13. sqrt-unprod82.4%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      14. *-commutative82.4%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      15. associate-*r*82.4%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}} \]
      16. *-commutative82.4%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}} \]
      17. associate-*l*82.4%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr82.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \]

    if 9.5999999999999999e58 < k

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 2.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*2.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified2.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow12.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod2.7%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num2.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv2.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr2.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow12.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative2.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/2.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified2.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u2.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
      2. expm1-undefine30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)} - 1\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}}\right)} - 1\right)} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr30.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)} - 1\right)}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)} + \color{blue}{-1}\right)} \]
      3. +-commutative30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}\right)}} \]
      4. log1p-undefine30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}}\right)} \]
      5. rem-exp-log30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 + \pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}\right)} \]
      6. +-commutative30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k} + 1\right)}\right)} \]
      7. *-commutative30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi} + 1\right)\right)} \]
      8. associate-*l/30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} + 1\right)\right)} \]
      9. associate-*r/30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \left(\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} + 1\right)\right)} \]
      10. fma-define30.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)}\right)} \]
    13. Simplified30.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(n, \frac{\pi}{k}, 1\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 49.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{+262}:\\ \;\;\;\;{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 1.7e+262)
   (* (pow k -0.5) (sqrt (* n (* 2.0 PI))))
   (cbrt (pow (* PI (* n (/ 2.0 k))) 1.5))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 1.7e+262) {
		tmp = pow(k, -0.5) * sqrt((n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI))));
	} else {
		tmp = cbrt(pow((((double) M_PI) * (n * (2.0 / k))), 1.5));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 1.7e+262) {
		tmp = Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.sqrt((n * (2.0 * Math.PI)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cbrt(Math.pow((Math.PI * (n * (2.0 / k))), 1.5));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 1.7e+262)
		tmp = Float64((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))));
	else
		tmp = cbrt((Float64(pi * Float64(n * Float64(2.0 / k))) ^ 1.5));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 1.7e+262], N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[Power[N[(Pi * N[(n * N[(2.0 / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.5], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{+262}:\\
\;\;\;\;{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 1.7000000000000001e262

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 42.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified42.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow142.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr42.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow142.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified42.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      2. sqrt-prod42.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
      3. associate-*l/42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      4. *-commutative42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      5. sqrt-div57.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\pi \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      6. *-commutative57.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      7. *-un-lft-identity57.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      8. associate-*l/57.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
      9. associate-*r*57.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      10. pow1/257.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      11. pow-flip57.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval57.6%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
      13. sqrt-unprod57.8%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      14. *-commutative57.8%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2} \]
      15. associate-*r*57.8%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}} \]
      16. *-commutative57.8%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}} \]
      17. associate-*l*57.8%

        \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr57.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \]

    if 1.7000000000000001e262 < k

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow13.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow13.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
      2. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \]
      3. associate-*r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}{k}}} \]
      4. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}{k}} \]
      5. associate-*r*3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}}{k}} \]
      6. add-cbrt-cube31.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}}} \]
      7. pow1/331.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr31.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({\left(\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}}\right)}^{1.5}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow1/331.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}}\right)}^{1.5}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\pi \cdot n}}}\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      3. associate-/r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{k} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      4. metadata-eval31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot 1}}{k} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      5. associate-*r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      6. *-commutative31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      7. associate-*l*31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      8. associate-*r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{k}}\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      9. metadata-eval31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
    13. Simplified31.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 49.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+260}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 4.4e+260)
   (* (sqrt (/ 2.0 k)) (sqrt (* PI n)))
   (cbrt (pow (* PI (* n (/ 2.0 k))) 1.5))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.4e+260) {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 / k)) * sqrt((((double) M_PI) * n));
	} else {
		tmp = cbrt(pow((((double) M_PI) * (n * (2.0 / k))), 1.5));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 4.4e+260) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((2.0 / k)) * Math.sqrt((Math.PI * n));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cbrt(Math.pow((Math.PI * (n * (2.0 / k))), 1.5));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 4.4e+260)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 / k)) * sqrt(Float64(pi * n)));
	else
		tmp = cbrt((Float64(pi * Float64(n * Float64(2.0 / k))) ^ 1.5));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 4.4e+260], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[Power[N[(Pi * N[(n * N[(2.0 / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.5], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+260}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 4.40000000000000023e260

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 42.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified42.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow142.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv42.7%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr42.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow142.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified42.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}} \]
      2. clear-num42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{n}}}\right)} \]
      3. un-div-inv42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\frac{k}{n}}}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr42.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\frac{k}{n}}}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{k}{n}}{\pi}}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{n \cdot \pi}}}} \]
      3. div-inv42.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{k}{n \cdot \pi}}}} \]
      4. associate-/r/42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{k} \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
      5. *-commutative42.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2}{k} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}} \]
      6. sqrt-prod57.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}} \]
      7. *-commutative57.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \pi}} \]
    13. Applied egg-rr57.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}} \]

    if 4.40000000000000023e260 < k

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow13.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
      3. clear-num3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
      4. un-div-inv3.2%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow13.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
      2. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    9. Simplified3.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
      2. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \]
      3. associate-*r/3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}{k}}} \]
      4. *-commutative3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot 2}}{k}} \]
      5. associate-*r*3.2%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}}{k}} \]
      6. add-cbrt-cube31.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}}} \]
      7. pow1/331.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}{k}}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr31.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({\left(\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}}\right)}^{1.5}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow1/331.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}}\right)}^{1.5}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\pi \cdot n}}}\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      3. associate-/r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{k} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      4. metadata-eval31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot 1}}{k} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      5. associate-*r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      6. *-commutative31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      7. associate-*l*31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k}\right)\right)\right)}}^{1.5}} \]
      8. associate-*r/31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{k}}\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
      9. metadata-eval31.8%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}} \]
    13. Simplified31.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification55.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+260}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{2}{k}\right)\right)}^{1.5}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (pow k -0.5) (pow (* 2.0 (* PI n)) (- 0.5 (* k 0.5)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow(k, -0.5) * pow((2.0 * (((double) M_PI) * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.pow((2.0 * (Math.PI * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow(k, -0.5) * math.pow((2.0 * (math.pi * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((k ^ -0.5) * (Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi * n)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k ^ -0.5) * ((2.0 * (pi * n)) ^ (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. div-inv99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow1/299.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \]
    5. pow-flip99.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{-0.5}} \]
  7. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow (* 2.0 (* PI n)) (- 0.5 (/ k 2.0))) (sqrt k)))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((2.0 * (((double) M_PI) * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((2.0 * (Math.PI * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((2.0 * (math.pi * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / math.sqrt(k)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi * n)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = ((2.0 * (pi * n)) ^ (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 48.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (* (sqrt (/ 2.0 k)) (sqrt (* PI n))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((2.0 / k)) * sqrt((((double) M_PI) * n));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((2.0 / k)) * Math.sqrt((Math.PI * n));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((2.0 / k)) * math.sqrt((math.pi * n))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 / k)) * sqrt(Float64(pi * n)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((2.0 / k)) * sqrt((pi * n));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
  5. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
    3. clear-num39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    4. un-div-inv39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
    2. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
    3. associate-/r/39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  9. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}} \]
    2. clear-num39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{n}}}\right)} \]
    3. un-div-inv39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\frac{k}{n}}}} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr39.6%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\frac{k}{n}}}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{k}{n}}{\pi}}}} \]
    2. associate-/r*39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{n \cdot \pi}}}} \]
    3. div-inv39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{k}{n \cdot \pi}}}} \]
    4. associate-/r/39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{k} \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2}{k} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}} \]
    6. sqrt-prod53.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n}} \]
    7. *-commutative53.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \pi}} \]
  13. Applied egg-rr53.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}} \]
  14. Final simplification53.4%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot n} \]
  15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 37.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (pow (/ k (* n (* 2.0 PI))) -0.5))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((k / (n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI)))), -0.5);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((k / (n * (2.0 * Math.PI))), -0.5);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((k / (n * (2.0 * math.pi))), -0.5)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(k / Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))) ^ -0.5
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k / (n * (2.0 * pi))) ^ -0.5;
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Power[N[(k / N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
  5. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
    3. clear-num39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    4. un-div-inv39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
    2. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
    3. associate-/r/39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  9. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    2. sqrt-prod39.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    3. associate-*l/39.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    4. *-commutative39.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot n}}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    5. sqrt-div53.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\pi \cdot n}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    6. *-commutative53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    7. *-un-lft-identity53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    8. associate-*l/53.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{n \cdot \pi}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
    9. associate-*r*53.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    10. associate-*l/53.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    11. *-un-lft-identity53.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. clear-num53.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2}}}} \]
    13. sqrt-unprod53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
    14. *-commutative53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}}} \]
    15. associate-*r*53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    16. *-commutative53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]
    17. associate-*l*53.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr53.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. inv-pow53.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    2. sqrt-undiv39.8%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}}^{-1} \]
    3. sqrt-pow239.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}} \]
    4. metadata-eval39.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
  13. Applied egg-rr39.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 36.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (* PI (/ n k)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((2.0 * (((double) M_PI) * (n / k))));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.PI * (n / k))));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.pi * (n / k))))
function code(k, n)
	return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi * Float64(n / k))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (pi * (n / k))));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(Pi * N[(n / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in k around 0 39.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}}} \cdot \sqrt{2} \]
  5. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{1}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}}^{1} \]
    3. clear-num39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\left(n \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right) \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
    4. un-div-inv39.6%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}\right)}^{1}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow139.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}} \cdot 2}} \]
    2. *-commutative39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
    3. associate-/r/39.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  9. Simplified39.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\frac{n}{k} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
  10. Final simplification39.6%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{n}{k}\right)} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024110 
(FPCore (k n)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (51)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))