
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 18 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/ (pow E (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, (powf(((float) M_E), ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r), (t_0 * (expf((r / -s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32((Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{{e}^{\left(\frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}\right)}}{r}, t\_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
times-frac99.7%
fma-define99.7%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
neg-mul-199.6%
times-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
times-frac99.6%
Simplified99.6%
*-un-lft-identity99.6%
exp-prod99.6%
rem-log-exp99.5%
associate-*r/99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
rem-log-exp99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (pow E (* r (/ -0.3333333333333333 s))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (powf(((float) M_E), (r * (-0.3333333333333333f / s))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32((Float32(exp(1)) ^ Float32(r * Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) / s))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + ((single(2.71828182845904523536) ^ (r * (single(-0.3333333333333333) / s))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{{e}^{\left(r \cdot \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}\right)}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
pow-to-exp99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
rem-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
*-un-lft-identity99.6%
exp-prod99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
exp-1-e99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ (/ 0.125 PI) s) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (exp (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) / s) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (expf(((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) / s) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / single(pi)) / s) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (exp(((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{\pi}}{s} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
pow-to-exp99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
rem-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
Simplified99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
pow110.2%
associate-*r*10.2%
Applied egg-rr10.2%
unpow110.2%
associate-*r*10.2%
*-commutative10.2%
associate-*l*10.2%
Simplified10.2%
log1p-expm1-u44.4%
*-commutative44.4%
Applied egg-rr44.4%
Final simplification44.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (log1p (expm1 (* PI (* s r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * (s * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
log1p-expm1-u13.7%
associate-*r*13.7%
Applied egg-rr13.7%
Final simplification13.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (* (/ 0.125 s) (/ 1.0 PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / s) * (1.0f / ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + ((1.0f + ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / s) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / s) * (single(1.0) / single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + ((single(1.0) + ((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{0.125}{s} \cdot \frac{1}{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{1 + \frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
pow-to-exp99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
rem-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.6%
associate-*r/11.6%
Simplified11.6%
Final simplification11.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + ((1.0f + ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + ((single(1.0) + ((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{1 + \frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.6%
associate-*r/11.6%
Simplified11.6%
Final simplification11.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r) (/ (- 1.0 (/ r s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf(((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r) + ((1.0f - (r / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(r / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp(((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r) + ((single(1.0) - (r / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}}}{r} + \frac{1 - \frac{r}{s}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
pow-to-exp99.4%
associate-*r/99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
rem-log-exp99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.9%
mul-1-neg10.9%
unsub-neg10.9%
Simplified10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 PI) (/ (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ 1.0 r)) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) * (((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (1.0f / r)) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / r)) / s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / single(pi)) * (((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (single(1.0) / r)) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{1}{r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
times-frac10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
distribute-neg-frac210.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 PI) (/ (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (/ r (- s)))) r) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) * (((1.0f + expf((r / -s))) / r) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / r) / s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / single(pi)) * (((single(1.0) + exp((r / -s))) / r) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 + e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
times-frac10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
distribute-neg-frac210.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
neg-mul-110.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 PI) (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* s r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) * ((1.0f + expf((r / -s))) / (s * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(s * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / single(pi)) * ((single(1.0) + exp((r / -s))) / (s * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1 + e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{s \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
times-frac10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
distribute-neg-frac210.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
neg-mul-110.8%
*-commutative10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* (* s PI) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((1.0f + expf((r / -s))) / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((single(1.0) + exp((r / -s))) / ((s * single(pi)) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{1 + e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 PI) (/ (/ 2.0 r) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) * ((2.0f / r) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / r) / s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / single(pi)) * ((single(2.0) / r) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\frac{2}{r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
times-frac10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
distribute-neg-frac210.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (/ 0.25 PI) s) r))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / ((float) M_PI)) / s) / r;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(pi)) / s) / r) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / single(pi)) / s) / r; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi}}{s}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.8%
associate-*r/10.8%
*-commutative10.8%
times-frac10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
distribute-neg-frac210.8%
Simplified10.8%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.2%
associate-/l/10.2%
*-commutative10.2%
associate-/r*10.2%
Simplified10.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 r) (* s PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / r) / (s * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / r) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / r) / (s * single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r}}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
associate-/r*10.2%
Simplified10.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (* PI r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * (((float) M_PI) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (s * (single(pi) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot r\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
pow110.2%
associate-*r*10.2%
Applied egg-rr10.2%
unpow110.2%
associate-*r*10.2%
*-commutative10.2%
associate-*l*10.2%
Simplified10.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s PI) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((s * single(pi)) * r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.2%
Final simplification10.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024108
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))