
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c 2.0) (- (- b) (sqrt (+ (* -4.0 (* c a)) (pow b 2.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * 2.0) / (-b - sqrt(((-4.0 * (c * a)) + pow(b, 2.0))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * 2.0d0) / (-b - sqrt((((-4.0d0) * (c * a)) + (b ** 2.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * 2.0) / (-b - Math.sqrt(((-4.0 * (c * a)) + Math.pow(b, 2.0))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * 2.0) / (-b - math.sqrt(((-4.0 * (c * a)) + math.pow(b, 2.0))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * 2.0) / Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(c * a)) + (b ^ 2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * 2.0) / (-b - sqrt(((-4.0 * (c * a)) + (b ^ 2.0)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot 2}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right) + {b}^{2}}}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.9%
*-commutative50.9%
Simplified50.9%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 50.6%
flip-+50.5%
pow250.5%
add-sqr-sqrt51.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv51.7%
metadata-eval51.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv51.7%
metadata-eval51.7%
Applied egg-rr51.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
Simplified99.3%
div-inv99.2%
associate-/l*99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
fma-define99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*r/99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
times-frac99.3%
*-lft-identity99.3%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
times-frac99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* 2.0 a)) -4.0) (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* -4.0 a)))) b) (* 2.0 a)) (/ (* 2.0 (/ (* c a) a)) (* 2.0 (- (/ (* c a) b) b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (2.0 * a)) <= -4.0) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (-4.0 * a)))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
} else {
tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(2.0 * a)) <= -4.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(-4.0 * a)))) - b) / Float64(2.0 * a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / a)) / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(c * a) / b) - b))); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -4.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \leq -4:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{a}}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{c \cdot a}{b} - b\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) < -4Initial program 85.8%
*-commutative85.8%
+-commutative85.8%
sqr-neg85.8%
unsub-neg85.8%
sqr-neg85.8%
fma-neg85.9%
distribute-lft-neg-in85.9%
*-commutative85.9%
*-commutative85.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in85.9%
metadata-eval85.9%
Simplified85.9%
if -4 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) Initial program 47.0%
*-commutative47.0%
Simplified47.0%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 46.6%
flip-+46.4%
pow246.4%
add-sqr-sqrt47.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv47.7%
metadata-eval47.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv47.7%
metadata-eval47.7%
Applied egg-rr47.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
Simplified99.3%
div-inv99.2%
associate-/l*99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
fma-define99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*r/99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
times-frac99.3%
*-lft-identity99.3%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
times-frac99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 88.5%
distribute-lft-out--88.5%
*-commutative88.5%
Simplified88.5%
Final simplification88.2%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* 2.0 a))))
(if (<= t_0 -4.0)
t_0
(/ (* 2.0 (/ (* c a) a)) (* 2.0 (- (/ (* c a) b) b))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -4.0) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0d0)))) - b) / (2.0d0 * a)
if (t_0 <= (-4.0d0)) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = (2.0d0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0d0 * (((c * a) / b) - b))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -4.0) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (2.0 * a) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= -4.0: tmp = t_0 else: tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b)) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(2.0 * a)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= -4.0) tmp = t_0; else tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / a)) / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(c * a) / b) - b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (2.0 * a); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= -4.0) tmp = t_0; else tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -4.0], t$95$0, N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{a}}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{c \cdot a}{b} - b\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) < -4Initial program 85.8%
if -4 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) Initial program 47.0%
*-commutative47.0%
Simplified47.0%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 46.6%
flip-+46.4%
pow246.4%
add-sqr-sqrt47.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv47.7%
metadata-eval47.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv47.7%
metadata-eval47.7%
Applied egg-rr47.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
Simplified99.3%
div-inv99.2%
associate-/l*99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
fma-define99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*r/99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
times-frac99.3%
*-lft-identity99.3%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
times-frac99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 88.5%
distribute-lft-out--88.5%
*-commutative88.5%
Simplified88.5%
Final simplification88.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* 2.0 (/ (* c a) a)) (* 2.0 (- (/ (* c a) b) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (2.0d0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0d0 * (((c * a) / b) - b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(c * a) / a)) / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(c * a) / b) - b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (2.0 * ((c * a) / a)) / (2.0 * (((c * a) / b) - b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{a}}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{c \cdot a}{b} - b\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.9%
*-commutative50.9%
Simplified50.9%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 50.6%
flip-+50.5%
pow250.5%
add-sqr-sqrt51.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv51.7%
metadata-eval51.7%
cancel-sign-sub-inv51.7%
metadata-eval51.7%
Applied egg-rr51.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
Simplified99.3%
div-inv99.2%
associate-/l*99.3%
+-commutative99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
fma-define99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
*-commutative99.3%
associate-*r/99.2%
associate-*r*99.2%
times-frac99.3%
*-lft-identity99.3%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
times-frac99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 85.0%
distribute-lft-out--85.0%
*-commutative85.0%
Simplified85.0%
Final simplification85.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return c / -b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c / Float64(-b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c / -b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.9%
*-commutative50.9%
Simplified50.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 68.6%
associate-*r/68.6%
mul-1-neg68.6%
Simplified68.6%
Final simplification68.6%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0 / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0 / a
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(0.0 / a) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 / a; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0}{a}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.9%
*-commutative50.9%
Simplified50.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 50.9%
expm1-log1p-u40.3%
expm1-undefine38.7%
Applied egg-rr38.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 3.2%
associate-*r/3.2%
distribute-rgt1-in3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
mul0-lft3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
Simplified3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024107
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, narrow range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))