ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4b, n=5

Percentage Accurate: 88.5% → 99.6%

Time: 8.7s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 1.8×

Specification

\[\left(-1000000000 \leq x \land x \leq 1000000000\right) \land \left(-1 \leq \varepsilon \land \varepsilon \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	return pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	return math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0)

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	return Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 88.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	return pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	return math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0)

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	return Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-317} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0))))
   (if (or (<= t_0 -1e-317) (not (<= t_0 0.0)))
     t_0
     (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-317) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
    if ((t_0 <= (-1d-317)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 0.0d0))) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-317) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	t_0 = math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0)
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 <= -1e-317) or not (t_0 <= 0.0):
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	t_0 = Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-317) || !(t_0 <= 0.0))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	t_0 = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 <= -1e-317) || ~((t_0 <= 0.0)))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -1e-317], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0]], $MachinePrecision]], t$95$0, N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) #s(literal 5 binary64)) (pow.f64 x #s(literal 5 binary64))) < -1.00000023e-317 or 0.0 < (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) #s(literal 5 binary64)) (pow.f64 x #s(literal 5 binary64)))

   1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   if -1.00000023e-317 < (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) #s(literal 5 binary64)) (pow.f64 x #s(literal 5 binary64))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 87.0%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-317} \lor \neg \left({\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(x \cdot 5 + \varepsilon \cdot 10\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.05 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-31)
   (* (pow x 3.0) (* eps (+ (* x 5.0) (* eps 10.0))))
   (if (<= x 3.05e-40)
     (* (pow eps 5.0) (+ 1.0 (* 5.0 (/ x eps))))
     (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = pow(x, 3.0) * (eps * ((x * 5.0) + (eps * 10.0)));
	} else if (x <= 3.05e-40) {
		tmp = pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-31)) then
        tmp = (x ** 3.0d0) * (eps * ((x * 5.0d0) + (eps * 10.0d0)))
    else if (x <= 3.05d-40) then
        tmp = (eps ** 5.0d0) * (1.0d0 + (5.0d0 * (x / eps)))
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = Math.pow(x, 3.0) * (eps * ((x * 5.0) + (eps * 10.0)));
	} else if (x <= 3.05e-40) {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-31:
		tmp = math.pow(x, 3.0) * (eps * ((x * 5.0) + (eps * 10.0)))
	elif x <= 3.05e-40:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)))
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = Float64((x ^ 3.0) * Float64(eps * Float64(Float64(x * 5.0) + Float64(eps * 10.0))));
	elseif (x <= 3.05e-40)
		tmp = Float64((eps ^ 5.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(5.0 * Float64(x / eps))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = (x ^ 3.0) * (eps * ((x * 5.0) + (eps * 10.0)));
	elseif (x <= 3.05e-40)
		tmp = (eps ^ 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * N[(N[(x * 5.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(eps * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 3.05e-40], N[(N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(5.0 * N[(x / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31

   1. Initial program 33.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 94.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) + {x}^{4}\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{4} + \color{blue}{\left({x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]

      2. associate-+r+ 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 \cdot {x}^{4} + {x}^{4}\right) + \varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      3. distribute-lft1-in 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(4 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. *-commutative 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{x}^{3} \cdot 4} + x \cdot \left(2 \cdot {x}^{2} + 4 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. distribute-rgt-out 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot 4 + x \cdot \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(2 + 4\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      7. associate-*r* 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot 4 + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot {x}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(2 + 4\right)}\right)\right) \]

      8. unpow2 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot 4 + \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}\right) \cdot \left(2 + 4\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. cube-mult 94.1%

         \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot 4 + \color{blue}{{x}^{3}} \cdot \left(2 + 4\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. distribute-lft-out 94.1%

          \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left({x}^{3} \cdot \left(4 + \left(2 + 4\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]

      11. metadata-eval 94.1%

          \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot \left(4 + \color{blue}{6}\right)\right)\right) \]

      12. metadata-eval 94.1%

          \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{10}\right)\right) \]

   5. Simplified 94.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4} + \varepsilon \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot 10\right)\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{3} \cdot \left(5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) + 10 \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. fma-define 94.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(5, \varepsilon \cdot x, 10 \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)} \]

   8. Simplified 94.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{3} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(5, \varepsilon \cdot x, 10 \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 94.1%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot x + 10 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 3.0500000000000002e-40

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \left(4 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon} + \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-lft1-in 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}}\right) \]

      2. metadata-eval 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{5} \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right) \]

   5. Simplified 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)} \]

   if 3.0500000000000002e-40 < x

   1. Initial program 24.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{3} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(x \cdot 5 + \varepsilon \cdot 10\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.05 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-31)
   (* (pow x 4.0) (* eps 5.0))
   (if (<= x 1.1e-41)
     (* (pow eps 5.0) (+ 1.0 (* 5.0 (/ x eps))))
     (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 1.1e-41) {
		tmp = pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-31)) then
        tmp = (x ** 4.0d0) * (eps * 5.0d0)
    else if (x <= 1.1d-41) then
        tmp = (eps ** 5.0d0) * (1.0d0 + (5.0d0 * (x / eps)))
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = Math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 1.1e-41) {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-31:
		tmp = math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0)
	elif x <= 1.1e-41:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)))
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = Float64((x ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps * 5.0));
	elseif (x <= 1.1e-41)
		tmp = Float64((eps ^ 5.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(5.0 * Float64(x / eps))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = (x ^ 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	elseif (x <= 1.1e-41)
		tmp = (eps ^ 5.0) * (1.0 + (5.0 * (x / eps)));
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.1e-41], N[(N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(5.0 * N[(x / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31

   1. Initial program 33.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-rgt1-in 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

      2. metadata-eval 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \]

   5. Simplified 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 1.1e-41

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \left(4 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon} + \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-lft1-in 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}}\right) \]

      2. metadata-eval 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{5} \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right) \]

   5. Simplified 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)} \]

   if 1.1e-41 < x

   1. Initial program 24.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + x \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-31)
   (* (pow x 4.0) (* eps 5.0))
   (if (<= x 6.8e-40)
     (* (pow eps 4.0) (+ eps (* x 5.0)))
     (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 6.8e-40) {
		tmp = pow(eps, 4.0) * (eps + (x * 5.0));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-31)) then
        tmp = (x ** 4.0d0) * (eps * 5.0d0)
    else if (x <= 6.8d-40) then
        tmp = (eps ** 4.0d0) * (eps + (x * 5.0d0))
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = Math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 6.8e-40) {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 4.0) * (eps + (x * 5.0));
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-31:
		tmp = math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0)
	elif x <= 6.8e-40:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 4.0) * (eps + (x * 5.0))
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = Float64((x ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps * 5.0));
	elseif (x <= 6.8e-40)
		tmp = Float64((eps ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps + Float64(x * 5.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = (x ^ 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	elseif (x <= 6.8e-40)
		tmp = (eps ^ 4.0) * (eps + (x * 5.0));
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 6.8e-40], N[(N[Power[eps, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps + N[(x * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31

   1. Initial program 33.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-rgt1-in 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

      2. metadata-eval 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \]

   5. Simplified 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 6.79999999999999968e-40

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \left(4 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon} + \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-lft1-in 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}}\right) \]

      2. metadata-eval 99.2%

         \[\leadsto {\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{5} \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right) \]

   5. Simplified 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5} \cdot \left(1 + 5 \cdot \frac{x}{\varepsilon}\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 5 \cdot x\right)} \]

   if 6.79999999999999968e-40 < x

   1. Initial program 24.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + x \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 96.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-41}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= x -5.5e-31) (not (<= x 1.1e-41)))
   (* 5.0 (* eps (pow x 4.0)))
   (pow eps 5.0)))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -5.5e-31) || !(x <= 1.1e-41)) {
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * pow(x, 4.0));
	} else {
		tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((x <= (-5.5d-31)) .or. (.not. (x <= 1.1d-41))) then
        tmp = 5.0d0 * (eps * (x ** 4.0d0))
    else
        tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -5.5e-31) || !(x <= 1.1e-41)) {
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) or not (x <= 1.1e-41):
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((x <= -5.5e-31) || !(x <= 1.1e-41))
		tmp = Float64(5.0 * Float64(eps * (x ^ 4.0)));
	else
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x <= -5.5e-31) || ~((x <= 1.1e-41)))
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * (x ^ 4.0));
	else
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 1.1e-41]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(5.0 * N[(eps * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31 or 1.1e-41 < x

   1. Initial program 28.7%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 93.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 93.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 93.5%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 93.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 93.5%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 93.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 93.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 1.1e-41

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-41}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-31)
   (* (pow x 4.0) (* eps 5.0))
   (if (<= x 6.5e-41) (pow eps 5.0) (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 6.5e-41) {
		tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-31)) then
        tmp = (x ** 4.0d0) * (eps * 5.0d0)
    else if (x <= 6.5d-41) then
        tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = Math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	} else if (x <= 6.5e-41) {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-31:
		tmp = math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0)
	elif x <= 6.5e-41:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0)
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = Float64((x ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps * 5.0));
	elseif (x <= 6.5e-41)
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = (x ^ 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
	elseif (x <= 6.5e-41)
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 6.5e-41], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31

   1. Initial program 33.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. distribute-rgt1-in 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

      2. metadata-eval 93.1%

         \[\leadsto {x}^{4} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \]

   5. Simplified 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 6.5000000000000004e-41

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5}} \]

   if 6.5000000000000004e-41 < x

   1. Initial program 24.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 98.1%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\ \;\;\;\;5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -5.5e-31)
   (* 5.0 (* eps (pow x 4.0)))
   (if (<= x 1.1e-41) (pow eps 5.0) (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * pow(x, 4.0));
	} else if (x <= 1.1e-41) {
		tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-5.5d-31)) then
        tmp = 5.0d0 * (eps * (x ** 4.0d0))
    else if (x <= 1.1d-41) then
        tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
    else
        tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31) {
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	} else if (x <= 1.1e-41) {
		tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
	} else {
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -5.5e-31:
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	elif x <= 1.1e-41:
		tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0)
	else:
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = Float64(5.0 * Float64(eps * (x ^ 4.0)));
	elseif (x <= 1.1e-41)
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -5.5e-31)
		tmp = 5.0 * (eps * (x ^ 4.0));
	elseif (x <= 1.1e-41)
		tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
	else
		tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5.5e-31], N[(5.0 * N[(eps * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.1e-41], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if x < -5.49999999999999958e-31

   1. Initial program 33.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 93.1%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 93.1%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 93.1%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 93.1%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 92.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 92.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 92.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   if -5.49999999999999958e-31 < x < 1.1e-41

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5}} \]

   if 1.1e-41 < x

   1. Initial program 24.2%

      \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + 4 \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4}} \]

      2. distribute-rgt1-in 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(4 + 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{5} \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      4. *-commutative 94.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)} \cdot {x}^{4} \]

      5. associate-*r* 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

   5. Simplified 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 87.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\varepsilon}^{5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (pow eps 5.0))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	return pow(eps, 5.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps ** 5.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	return math.pow(eps, 5.0)

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	return eps ^ 5.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = eps ^ 5.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 89.6%

   \[{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 88.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\varepsilon}^{5}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024107 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4b, n=5"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (<= -1000000000.0 x) (<= x 1000000000.0)) (and (<= -1.0 eps) (<= eps 1.0)))
  (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))