
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (fma x 0.16666666666666666 (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 3.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return x * fma(x, 0.16666666666666666, (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 3.0)));
}
function code(x) return Float64(x * fma(x, 0.16666666666666666, Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 3.0)))) end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666 + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, 0.16666666666666666, -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{3}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 57.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
distribute-rgt-in99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
pow-sqr99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
fma-undefine99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
pow-prod-up99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
distribute-lft-in99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
unpow299.5%
associate-*r*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
fma-define99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
distribute-lft-in99.6%
fma-define99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
unpow299.6%
pow399.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x (+ 0.16666666666666666 (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 2.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 2.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (x * (0.16666666666666666d0 + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 2.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * (x * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 2.0))));
}
def code(x): return x * (x * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 2.0))))
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * Float64(0.16666666666666666 + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (x * (0.16666666666666666 + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 2.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * N[(0.16666666666666666 + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 57.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
distribute-rgt-in99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
pow-sqr99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
fma-undefine99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
pow-prod-up99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
distribute-lft-in99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
unpow299.5%
associate-*r*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
fma-define99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
def code(x): return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 57.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
distribute-rgt-in99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
pow-sqr99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
fma-undefine99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
pow-prod-up99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
distribute-lft-in99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
unpow299.5%
associate-*r*99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
fma-define99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.43478260869565216)
double code(double x) {
return 0.43478260869565216;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.43478260869565216d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.43478260869565216;
}
def code(x): return 0.43478260869565216
function code(x) return 0.43478260869565216 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.43478260869565216; end
code[x_] := 0.43478260869565216
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.43478260869565216
\end{array}
Initial program 57.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
distribute-rgt-in99.5%
fma-define99.5%
associate-*l*99.5%
pow-sqr99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
fma-undefine99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
pow-prod-up99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
distribute-lft-in99.5%
flip-+99.5%
associate-*r/99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
swap-sqr99.5%
pow-prod-up99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
cancel-sign-sub-inv99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 4.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024106
(FPCore (x)
:name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4a"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
:alt
(* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x))
(/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))