
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (- (+ (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0) (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a))))) 1.0))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (((a * a) * (1.0d0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0d0 + a))))) - 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64((Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0; end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (- (+ (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0) (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a))))) 1.0))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
code = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (((a * a) * (1.0d0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0d0 + a))))) - 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64((Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0; end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* b b) (* a a))) (t_1 (+ (* a a) (* b b))))
(if (<= a -5.0)
(-
(fma
(fma b a (* b 3.0))
(* b 4.0)
(+ (* t_0 t_0) (* 4.0 (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)))))
1.0)
(-
(fma
(- 1.0 a)
(* (* a a) 4.0)
(+ (* 4.0 (* (* b b) (+ a 3.0))) (* t_1 t_1)))
1.0))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (b * b) + (a * a);
double t_1 = (a * a) + (b * b);
double tmp;
if (a <= -5.0) {
tmp = fma(fma(b, a, (b * 3.0)), (b * 4.0), ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * ((a * a) * (1.0 - a))))) - 1.0;
} else {
tmp = fma((1.0 - a), ((a * a) * 4.0), ((4.0 * ((b * b) * (a + 3.0))) + (t_1 * t_1))) - 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(a * a)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -5.0) tmp = Float64(fma(fma(b, a, Float64(b * 3.0)), Float64(b * 4.0), Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a))))) - 1.0); else tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 - a), Float64(Float64(a * a) * 4.0), Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(a + 3.0))) + Float64(t_1 * t_1))) - 1.0); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -5.0], N[(N[(N[(b * a + N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := b \cdot b + a \cdot a\\
t_1 := a \cdot a + b \cdot b\\
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, b \cdot 3\right), b \cdot 4, t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right)\right) - 1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot 4, 4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + 3\right)\right) + t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) - 1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -5Initial program 62.3%
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
if -5 < a Initial program 82.7%
Applied egg-rr0
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* a a) (* b b))))
(if (<= a -4.5e+35)
(-
(+
(pow (/ 1.0 (+ (* b b) (* a a))) -2.0)
(* 4.0 (fma (+ a 3.0) (* b b) (* a (* a (- 1.0 a))))))
1.0)
(-
(fma
(- 1.0 a)
(* (* a a) 4.0)
(+ (* 4.0 (* (* b b) (+ a 3.0))) (* t_0 t_0)))
1.0))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b);
double tmp;
if (a <= -4.5e+35) {
tmp = (pow((1.0 / ((b * b) + (a * a))), -2.0) + (4.0 * fma((a + 3.0), (b * b), (a * (a * (1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0;
} else {
tmp = fma((1.0 - a), ((a * a) * 4.0), ((4.0 * ((b * b) * (a + 3.0))) + (t_0 * t_0))) - 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -4.5e+35) tmp = Float64(Float64((Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(a * a))) ^ -2.0) + Float64(4.0 * fma(Float64(a + 3.0), Float64(b * b), Float64(a * Float64(a * Float64(1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0); else tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 - a), Float64(Float64(a * a) * 4.0), Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(a + 3.0))) + Float64(t_0 * t_0))) - 1.0); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -4.5e+35], N[(N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(a * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a \cdot a + b \cdot b\\
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.5 \cdot 10^{+35}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left({\left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b + a \cdot a}\right)}^{-2} + 4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a + 3, b \cdot b, a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right)\right)\right) - 1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot 4, 4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + 3\right)\right) + t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) - 1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -4.4999999999999997e35Initial program 64.0%
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
if -4.4999999999999997e35 < a Initial program 81.6%
Applied egg-rr0
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* b b) (* a a))) (t_1 (+ (* a a) (* b b))))
(if (<= a -1.6e+154)
(-
(+ (* t_0 t_0) (* 4.0 (fma (+ a 3.0) (* b b) (* a (* a (- 1.0 a))))))
1.0)
(-
(fma
(- 1.0 a)
(* (* a a) 4.0)
(+ (* 4.0 (* (* b b) (+ a 3.0))) (* t_1 t_1)))
1.0))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (b * b) + (a * a);
double t_1 = (a * a) + (b * b);
double tmp;
if (a <= -1.6e+154) {
tmp = ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * fma((a + 3.0), (b * b), (a * (a * (1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0;
} else {
tmp = fma((1.0 - a), ((a * a) * 4.0), ((4.0 * ((b * b) * (a + 3.0))) + (t_1 * t_1))) - 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(a * a)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (a <= -1.6e+154) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(4.0 * fma(Float64(a + 3.0), Float64(b * b), Float64(a * Float64(a * Float64(1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0); else tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(1.0 - a), Float64(Float64(a * a) * 4.0), Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(a + 3.0))) + Float64(t_1 * t_1))) - 1.0); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -1.6e+154], N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(a * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := b \cdot b + a \cdot a\\
t_1 := a \cdot a + b \cdot b\\
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.6 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + 4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a + 3, b \cdot b, a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right)\right)\right) - 1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot 4, 4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a + 3\right)\right) + t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) - 1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if a < -1.6e154Initial program 52.6%
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
if -1.6e154 < a Initial program 81.5%
Applied egg-rr0
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* b b) (* a a))))
(-
(+ (* t_0 t_0) (* 4.0 (fma (+ a 3.0) (* b b) (* a (* a (- 1.0 a))))))
1.0)))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (b * b) + (a * a);
return ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * fma((a + 3.0), (b * b), (a * (a * (1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0;
}
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(a * a)) return Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(4.0 * fma(Float64(a + 3.0), Float64(b * b), Float64(a * Float64(a * Float64(1.0 - a)))))) - 1.0) end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(a * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := b \cdot b + a \cdot a\\
\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + 4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a + 3, b \cdot b, a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right)\right)\right) - 1
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.2%
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* a a) (* b b))))
(-
(+ (* t_0 t_0) (* 4.0 (fma (- 1.0 a) (* a a) (* b (* b (+ a 3.0))))))
1.0)))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b);
return ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * fma((1.0 - a), (a * a), (b * (b * (a + 3.0)))))) - 1.0;
}
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) return Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(4.0 * fma(Float64(1.0 - a), Float64(a * a), Float64(b * Float64(b * Float64(a + 3.0)))))) - 1.0) end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * N[(b * N[(a + 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a \cdot a + b \cdot b\\
\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + 4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - a, a \cdot a, b \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(a + 3\right)\right)\right)\right) - 1
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.2%
Applied egg-rr0
Applied egg-rr0
(FPCore (a b)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* a a) (* b b))))
(-
(+ (* t_0 t_0) (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a)))))
1.0)))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b);
return ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b)
code = ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0d0 * (((a * a) * (1.0d0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0d0 + a))))) - 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b);
return ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}
def code(a, b): t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b) return ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) return Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0) end
function tmp = code(a, b) t_0 = (a * a) + (b * b); tmp = ((t_0 * t_0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0; end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a \cdot a + b \cdot b\\
\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 77.2%
Applied egg-rr0
herbie shell --seed 2024103
(FPCore (a b)
:name "Bouland and Aaronson, Equation (24)"
:precision binary64
(- (+ (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0) (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a))))) 1.0))