
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(+
(* -0.5625 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 4.0)))
(+
(* c -0.5)
(+
(* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0)))
(/ (* (pow (* a c) 4.0) -1.0546875) (* a (pow b 6.0))))))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-0.5625 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + ((-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0))) + ((pow((a * c), 4.0) * -1.0546875) / (a * pow(b, 6.0)))))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-0.5625d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 4.0d0))) + ((c * (-0.5d0)) + (((-0.375d0) * ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0))) + ((((a * c) ** 4.0d0) * (-1.0546875d0)) / (a * (b ** 6.0d0)))))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-0.5625 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + ((-0.375 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0))) + ((Math.pow((a * c), 4.0) * -1.0546875) / (a * Math.pow(b, 6.0)))))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-0.5625 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + ((-0.375 * ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0))) + ((math.pow((a * c), 4.0) * -1.0546875) / (a * math.pow(b, 6.0)))))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) + Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))) + Float64(Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) * -1.0546875) / Float64(a * (b ^ 6.0)))))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-0.5625 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + ((-0.375 * ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))) + ((((a * c) ^ 4.0) * -1.0546875) / (a * (b ^ 6.0)))))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * -1.0546875), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(c \cdot -0.5 + \left(-0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4} \cdot -1.0546875}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.9%
associate-*r/96.9%
distribute-rgt-out96.9%
pow-prod-down96.9%
metadata-eval96.9%
Applied egg-rr96.9%
*-commutative96.9%
associate-*l*96.9%
metadata-eval96.9%
Simplified96.9%
Final simplification96.9%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(-
(*
c
(fma
-0.375
(/ a (pow b 3.0))
(*
c
(fma
-0.5625
(/ (pow a 2.0) (pow b 5.0))
(*
-0.16666666666666666
(* c (/ (* (/ (pow a 4.0) (pow b 6.0)) 6.328125) (* a b))))))))
(/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * fma(-0.375, (a / pow(b, 3.0)), (c * fma(-0.5625, (pow(a, 2.0) / pow(b, 5.0)), (-0.16666666666666666 * (c * (((pow(a, 4.0) / pow(b, 6.0)) * 6.328125) / (a * b)))))))) - (0.5 / b));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * fma(-0.375, Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)), Float64(c * fma(-0.5625, Float64((a ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 5.0)), Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * Float64(c * Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 4.0) / (b ^ 6.0)) * 6.328125) / Float64(a * b)))))))) - Float64(0.5 / b))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(-0.375 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(c * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 6.328125), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}, c \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625, \frac{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} \cdot 6.328125}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{0.5}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 96.5%
Simplified96.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* -0.5625 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 4.0))) (+ (* c -0.5) (* -0.375 (/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 2.0))))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-0.5625 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 2.0))))) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-0.5625d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 4.0d0))) + ((c * (-0.5d0)) + ((-0.375d0) * ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 2.0d0))))) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-0.5625 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 2.0))))) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-0.5625 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 2.0))))) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))))) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-0.5625 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 4.0))) + ((c * -0.5) + (-0.375 * ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 2.0))))) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(c \cdot -0.5 + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.7%
Final simplification95.7%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.5 (/ c b))
(*
a
(+
(* -0.5625 (/ (* a (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.375 (/ (pow c 2.0) (pow b 3.0)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.5625 * ((a * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (pow(c, 2.0) / pow(b, 3.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-0.5d0) * (c / b)) + (a * (((-0.5625d0) * ((a * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.375d0) * ((c ** 2.0d0) / (b ** 3.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.5625 * ((a * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (Math.pow(c, 2.0) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.5625 * ((a * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (math.pow(c, 2.0) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(c / b)) + Float64(a * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-0.5 * (c / b)) + (a * ((-0.5625 * ((a * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.375 * ((c ^ 2.0) / (b ^ 3.0))))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + a \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.6%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(*
c
(+
(*
c
(+
(* -0.5625 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) c) (pow b 5.0)))
(* -0.375 (/ a (pow b 3.0)))))
(* 0.5 (/ -1.0 b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * c) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((c * (((-0.5625d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * c) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((-0.375d0) * (a / (b ** 3.0d0))))) + (0.5d0 * ((-1.0d0) / b)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * c) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / math.pow(b, 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(Float64(-0.5625 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(-0.375 * Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0))))) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(-1.0 / b)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * ((c * ((-0.5625 * (((a ^ 2.0) * c) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (-0.375 * (a / (b ^ 3.0))))) + (0.5 * (-1.0 / b))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(N[(c * N[(N[(-0.5625 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.375 * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(-1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(-0.5625 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + -0.375 \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) + 0.5 \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 95.3%
Final simplification95.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (pow (+ (* -2.0 (/ b c)) (* 1.5 (/ a b))) -1.0))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return pow(((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b))), -1.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-2.0d0) * (b / c)) + (1.5d0 * (a / b))) ** (-1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return Math.pow(((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b))), -1.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return math.pow(((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b))), -1.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b / c)) + Float64(1.5 * Float64(a / b))) ^ -1.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b))) ^ -1.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[Power[N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.5 * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{b}{c} + 1.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.3%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.3%
Simplified92.3%
clear-num92.2%
inv-pow92.2%
*-commutative92.2%
Applied egg-rr92.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c -0.5) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * (-0.5d0)) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * -0.5) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * -0.5) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 83.2%
associate-*r/83.2%
*-commutative83.2%
Simplified83.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ -0.5 b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((-0.5d0) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * (-0.5 / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(-0.5 / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * (-0.5 / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 29.7%
/-rgt-identity29.7%
metadata-eval29.7%
Simplified29.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 21.7%
Taylor expanded in b around 0 83.2%
associate-*r/83.2%
*-commutative83.2%
associate-/l*82.9%
Simplified82.9%
herbie shell --seed 2024101
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))