
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 15 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (- (/ r s)))) (* r (* s (* 2.0 PI)))) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf(-(r / s))) / (r * (s * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))))) + ((0.75f * expf(((r / s) * -0.3333333333333333f))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(-Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp(-(r / s))) / (r * (s * (single(2.0) * single(pi))))) + ((single(0.75) * exp(((r / s) * single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{-\frac{r}{s}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
neg-mul-199.7%
times-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (/ (exp (- (/ r s))) r)) (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0)))) (* PI (* s (* r 6.0)))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * (expf(-(r / s)) / r)) + (0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / (((float) M_PI) * (s * (r * 6.0f)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(exp(Float32(-Float32(r / s))) / r)) + Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0))))) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * Float32(r * Float32(6.0))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * (exp(-(r / s)) / r)) + (single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * -single(3.0)))) / (single(pi) * (s * (r * single(6.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{e^{-\frac{r}{s}}}{r} + 0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(r \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
times-frac99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
distribute-frac-neg99.7%
associate-/l*99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
associate-*l*99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 99.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
associate-*l*99.7%
*-commutative99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (- (/ r s))) (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333))) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf(-(r / s)) + expf(((r / s) * -0.3333333333333333f))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(-Float32(r / s))) + exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp(-(r / s)) + exp(((r / s) * single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{-\frac{r}{s}} + e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* r PI))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((r * ((float) M_PI)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(r * Float32(pi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(r \cdot \pi\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
associate-*l*10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
Simplified10.5%
log1p-expm1-u40.7%
Applied egg-rr40.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (log1p (expm1 (* r (* s PI))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / log1pf(expm1f((r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / log1p(expm1(Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
log1p-expm1-u12.8%
*-commutative12.8%
Applied egg-rr12.8%
Final simplification12.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(+
(*
0.125
(/ (+ (* 0.05555555555555555 (/ r PI)) (* (/ r PI) 0.5)) (pow s 2.0)))
(* 0.25 (/ 1.0 (* r PI))))
(/ 0.16666666666666666 (* s PI)))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.125f * (((0.05555555555555555f * (r / ((float) M_PI))) + ((r / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5f)) / powf(s, 2.0f))) + (0.25f * (1.0f / (r * ((float) M_PI))))) - (0.16666666666666666f / (s * ((float) M_PI)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) * Float32(r / Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5))) / (s ^ Float32(2.0)))) + Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))))) - Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.125) * (((single(0.05555555555555555) * (r / single(pi))) + ((r / single(pi)) * single(0.5))) / (s ^ single(2.0)))) + (single(0.25) * (single(1.0) / (r * single(pi))))) - (single(0.16666666666666666) / (s * single(pi)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(0.125 \cdot \frac{0.05555555555555555 \cdot \frac{r}{\pi} + \frac{r}{\pi} \cdot 0.5}{{s}^{2}} + 0.25 \cdot \frac{1}{r \cdot \pi}\right) - \frac{0.16666666666666666}{s \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(+
(/
(-
(* 0.125 (/ (* (/ r PI) 0.5555555555555556) s))
(/ 0.16666666666666666 PI))
s)
(/ 0.25 (* r PI)))
s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((((0.125f * (((r / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.5555555555555556f) / s)) - (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s) + (0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI)))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(r / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.5555555555555556)) / s)) - Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s) + Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi)))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((single(0.125) * (((r / single(pi)) * single(0.5555555555555556)) / s)) - (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s) + (single(0.25) / (r * single(pi)))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125 \cdot \frac{\frac{r}{\pi} \cdot 0.5555555555555556}{s} - \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s} + \frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.6%
mul-1-neg12.6%
Simplified12.6%
Final simplification12.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (/ 0.25 (* r PI)) (/ (- (* 0.0625 (/ r (* s PI))) (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI)) s)) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) + (((0.0625f * (r / (s * ((float) M_PI)))) - (0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI))) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.0625) * Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) - Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi))) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (r * single(pi))) + (((single(0.0625) * (r / (s * single(pi)))) - (single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi))) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi} + \frac{0.0625 \cdot \frac{r}{s \cdot \pi} - \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 12.4%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 12.4%
associate-*r/12.4%
metadata-eval12.4%
Simplified12.4%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 12.4%
mul-1-neg12.4%
mul-1-neg12.4%
associate-*r/12.4%
metadata-eval12.4%
associate-*r/12.4%
metadata-eval12.4%
Simplified12.4%
Final simplification12.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (- (/ 0.25 (* r PI)) (/ (/ 0.16666666666666666 PI) s)) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) - ((0.16666666666666666f / ((float) M_PI)) / s)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) / Float32(pi)) / s)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) / (r * single(pi))) - ((single(0.16666666666666666) / single(pi)) / s)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi} - \frac{\frac{0.16666666666666666}{\pi}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.7%
associate-*r/11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
associate-*r/11.7%
metadata-eval11.7%
associate-/l/11.7%
Simplified11.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 r) (/ (/ 2.0 PI) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / r) * ((2.0f / ((float) M_PI)) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / r) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / Float32(pi)) / s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / r) * ((single(2.0) / single(pi)) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{r} \cdot \frac{\frac{2}{\pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 11.1%
associate-*r/11.1%
times-frac11.1%
mul-1-neg11.1%
distribute-neg-frac211.1%
Simplified11.1%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.5%
associate-/l/10.5%
Simplified10.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 (* r PI)) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / (r * single(pi))) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
associate-*l*10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
Simplified10.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.5%
associate-/r*10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
associate-/r*10.5%
associate-/r*10.5%
Simplified10.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 r) (* s PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / r) / (s * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / r) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / r) / (s * single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r}}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
associate-/r*10.5%
Simplified10.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (* r PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * (r * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * Float32(r * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (s * (r * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \left(r \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
associate-*l*10.5%
*-commutative10.5%
Simplified10.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 0.0))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(s, r)
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4), intent (in) :: r
code = 0.25e0 / 0.0e0
end function
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(0.0)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{0}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.7%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.5%
expm1-log1p-u10.5%
expm1-undefine8.9%
*-commutative8.9%
Applied egg-rr8.9%
sub-neg8.9%
metadata-eval8.9%
+-commutative8.9%
log1p-undefine8.9%
rem-exp-log8.9%
+-commutative8.9%
fma-define8.9%
*-commutative8.9%
Simplified8.9%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 3.6%
Final simplification3.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024101
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))