sqrt A (should all be same)

Percentage Accurate: 54.6% → 100.0%

Time: 6.5s

Alternatives: 4

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* x x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(x * x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 54.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* x x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(x * x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt(((x * x) + (x * x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, x\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (hypot x x))

C

double code(double x) {
	return hypot(x, x);
}

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.hypot(x, x);
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.hypot(x, x)

Julia

function code(x)
	return hypot(x, x)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = hypot(x, x);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.1%

   \[\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. hypot-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, x\right)} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, x\right)} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

5. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, x\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 6.9% accurate, 21.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot \left(x \cdot 2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x 2.0)))

C

double code(double x) {
	return x * (x * 2.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x * (x * 2.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return x * (x * 2.0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	return x * (x * 2.0)

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(x * Float64(x * 2.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x * (x * 2.0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.1%

   \[\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-+ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   2. difference-of-squares 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   3. associate-*r/ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   4. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   5. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   6. flip-+ 6.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right)}} \]

   7. sqrt-unprod 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]

   9. distribute-lft-out 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(x + x\right)} \]

   10. *-commutative 6.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right) \cdot x} \]

   11. *-un-lft-identity 6.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot x} + x\right) \cdot x \]

   12. *-un-lft-identity 6.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(1 \cdot x + \color{blue}{1 \cdot x}\right) \cdot x \]

   13. distribute-rgt-out 6.9%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(1 + 1\right)\right)} \cdot x \]

   14. metadata-eval 6.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot x \]

4. Applied egg-rr 6.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot 2\right) \cdot x} \]

5. Final simplification 6.9%

   \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(x \cdot 2\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 5.4% accurate, 107.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 16 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 16.0)

C

double code(double x) {
	return 16.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 16.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 16.0;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 16.0

Julia

function code(x)
	return 16.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 16.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := 16.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.1%

   \[\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-+ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   2. difference-of-squares 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   3. associate-*r/ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   4. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   5. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   6. flip-+ 6.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right)}} \]

   7. sqrt-unprod 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]

   9. flip-+ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   10. difference-of-squares 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x} \]

   11. associate-*r/ 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 5.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{16 \cdot {x}^{8}} \]

6. Simplified 5.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{16} \]

7. Final simplification 5.4%

   \[\leadsto 16 \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 5.4% accurate, 107.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 64 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 64.0)

C

double code(double x) {
	return 64.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 64.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 64.0;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 64.0

Julia

function code(x)
	return 64.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 64.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := 64.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.1%

   \[\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-+ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   2. difference-of-squares 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   3. associate-*r/ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}}} \]

   4. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   5. +-inverses 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   6. flip-+ 6.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right)}} \]

   7. sqrt-unprod 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + x \cdot x}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot x + x \cdot x} \]

   9. flip-+ 0.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

   10. difference-of-squares 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x} \]

   11. associate-*r/ 0.0%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}{x \cdot x - x \cdot x}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 5.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{64 \cdot {x}^{12}} \]

6. Simplified 5.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{64} \]

7. Final simplification 5.4%

   \[\leadsto 64 \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024101 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "sqrt A (should all be same)"
  :precision binary64
  (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* x x))))