
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (/ 2.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (* -2.0 x)))) 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (2.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(((-2.0d0) * x)))) - 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (2.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return (2.0 / (1.0 + math.exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(2.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(2.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (/ 2.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (* -2.0 x)))) 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (2.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(((-2.0d0) * x)))) - 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (2.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return (2.0 / (1.0 + math.exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(2.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x)))) - 1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(2.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}} - 1
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= (* -2.0 x) -0.04) (cbrt (pow (+ -1.0 (/ 2.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (* -2.0 x))))) 3.0)) (if (<= (* -2.0 x) 1e-6) (+ x (* -0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0))) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) {
tmp = cbrt(pow((-1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x))))), 3.0));
} else if ((-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) {
tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) {
tmp = Math.cbrt(Math.pow((-1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp((-2.0 * x))))), 3.0));
} else if ((-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) {
tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) tmp = cbrt((Float64(-1.0 + Float64(2.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-2.0 * x))))) ^ 3.0)); elseif (Float64(-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision], -0.04], N[Power[N[Power[N[(-1.0 + N[(2.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision], 1e-6], N[(x + N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;-2 \cdot x \leq -0.04:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left(-1 + \frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}}\right)}^{3}}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;-2 \cdot x \leq 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + -0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) < -0.0400000000000000008Initial program 99.9%
add-cbrt-cube99.9%
pow399.9%
sub-neg99.9%
exp-prod99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
exp-prod99.9%
associate--r-99.9%
neg-sub099.9%
neg-sub099.9%
associate--r-99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
exp-prod99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
Simplified99.9%
if -0.0400000000000000008 < (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) < 9.99999999999999955e-7Initial program 9.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-in100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
associate-*l*100.0%
fma-define100.0%
pow-plus100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
fma-undefine100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
if 9.99999999999999955e-7 < (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= (* -2.0 x) -0.04) (+ -1.0 (/ 2.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (* -2.0 x))))) (if (<= (* -2.0 x) 1e-6) (+ x (* -0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0))) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) {
tmp = -1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x))));
} else if ((-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) {
tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (((-2.0d0) * x) <= (-0.04d0)) then
tmp = (-1.0d0) + (2.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(((-2.0d0) * x))))
else if (((-2.0d0) * x) <= 1d-6) then
tmp = x + ((-0.3333333333333333d0) * (x ** 3.0d0))
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) {
tmp = -1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp((-2.0 * x))));
} else if ((-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) {
tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (-2.0 * x) <= -0.04: tmp = -1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + math.exp((-2.0 * x)))) elif (-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6: tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 3.0)) else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) tmp = Float64(-1.0 + Float64(2.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-2.0 * x))))); elseif (Float64(-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((-2.0 * x) <= -0.04) tmp = -1.0 + (2.0 / (1.0 + exp((-2.0 * x)))); elseif ((-2.0 * x) <= 1e-6) tmp = x + (-0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)); else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision], -0.04], N[(-1.0 + N[(2.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision], 1e-6], N[(x + N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;-2 \cdot x \leq -0.04:\\
\;\;\;\;-1 + \frac{2}{1 + e^{-2 \cdot x}}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;-2 \cdot x \leq 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + -0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) < -0.0400000000000000008Initial program 99.9%
if -0.0400000000000000008 < (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) < 9.99999999999999955e-7Initial program 9.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-in100.0%
*-lft-identity100.0%
associate-*l*100.0%
fma-define100.0%
pow-plus100.0%
metadata-eval100.0%
Simplified100.0%
fma-undefine100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
if 9.99999999999999955e-7 < (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) x) Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.0) -1.0 x))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.0) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = x;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.0d0)) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = x
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.0) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = x;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.0: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = x return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.0) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = x; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.0) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = x; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.0], -1.0, x]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
if -1 < x Initial program 43.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 64.0%
Final simplification72.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 56.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 27.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 24.7%
Final simplification24.7%
herbie shell --seed 2024100
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Logistic function from Lakshay Garg"
:precision binary64
(- (/ 2.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (* -2.0 x)))) 1.0))