
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0))) (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
real(4) :: t_1
t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) end
function tmp = code(x, s) t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s)); t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0; tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ x_m (- s))))) (/ (/ t_0 s) (pow (+ t_0 1.0) 2.0))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float t_0 = expf((x_m / -s));
return (t_0 / s) / powf((t_0 + 1.0f), 2.0f);
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
real(4) :: t_0
t_0 = exp((x_m / -s))
code = (t_0 / s) / ((t_0 + 1.0e0) ** 2.0e0)
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) return Float32(Float32(t_0 / s) / (Float32(t_0 + Float32(1.0)) ^ Float32(2.0))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) t_0 = exp((x_m / -s)); tmp = (t_0 / s) / ((t_0 + single(1.0)) ^ single(2.0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\\
\frac{\frac{t\_0}{s}}{{\left(t\_0 + 1\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.5%
pow199.5%
pow199.5%
add-sqr-sqrt50.7%
fabs-sqr50.7%
add-sqr-sqrt96.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
rec-exp96.6%
distribute-neg-frac296.6%
Simplified96.6%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.5%
pow199.5%
pow199.5%
add-sqr-sqrt50.7%
fabs-sqr50.7%
add-sqr-sqrt96.6%
Applied egg-rr63.8%
rec-exp96.6%
distribute-neg-frac296.6%
Simplified63.8%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (if (<= (fabs x_m) 0.20000000298023224) (/ (exp (+ (/ x_m s) (* (log1p (exp (/ x_m s))) -2.0))) s) (exp (/ x_m (- s)))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
float tmp;
if (fabsf(x_m) <= 0.20000000298023224f) {
tmp = expf(((x_m / s) + (log1pf(expf((x_m / s))) * -2.0f))) / s;
} else {
tmp = expf((x_m / -s));
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (abs(x_m) <= Float32(0.20000000298023224)) tmp = Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(x_m / s) + Float32(log1p(exp(Float32(x_m / s))) * Float32(-2.0)))) / s); else tmp = exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\_m\right| \leq 0.20000000298023224:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{s} + \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{\frac{x\_m}{s}}\right) \cdot -2}}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (fabs.f32 x) < 0.200000003Initial program 98.9%
fabs-neg98.9%
distribute-frac-neg98.9%
distribute-frac-neg298.9%
fabs-neg98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
fabs-neg98.9%
+-commutative98.9%
fabs-neg98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Applied egg-rr71.2%
*-lft-identity71.2%
Simplified71.2%
add-exp-log67.9%
log-div67.7%
add-log-exp95.1%
*-commutative95.1%
sum-log94.6%
log-pow95.2%
log1p-undefine95.3%
*-un-lft-identity95.3%
associate--r+95.4%
exp-diff95.4%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
*-lft-identity98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
Simplified98.9%
if 0.200000003 < (fabs.f32 x) Initial program 100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
distribute-frac-neg100.0%
distribute-frac-neg2100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
fabs-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Applied egg-rr73.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 51.2%
div-inv51.2%
exp-prod51.2%
add-sqr-sqrt1.6%
fabs-sqr1.6%
add-sqr-sqrt3.1%
add-sqr-sqrt3.1%
sqrt-unprod3.1%
sqr-neg3.1%
sqrt-unprod-0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt100.0%
exp-prod100.0%
div-inv100.0%
distribute-frac-neg2100.0%
exp-neg100.0%
add-sqr-sqrt50.4%
fabs-sqr50.4%
add-sqr-sqrt51.9%
Applied egg-rr51.9%
rec-exp51.9%
distribute-frac-neg51.9%
Simplified51.9%
Final simplification73.8%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (exp (/ x_m (- s))) s) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (expf((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) / s) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (exp((x_m / -s)) / s) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}}{s}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 94.9%
distribute-frac-neg299.6%
rec-exp99.5%
pow199.5%
pow199.5%
add-sqr-sqrt50.7%
fabs-sqr50.7%
add-sqr-sqrt96.6%
Applied egg-rr60.2%
rec-exp96.6%
distribute-neg-frac296.6%
Simplified60.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (exp (/ x_m (- s))))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return expf((x_m / -s));
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = exp((x_m / -s))
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return exp(Float32(x_m / Float32(-s))) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = exp((x_m / -s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
e^{\frac{x\_m}{-s}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Applied egg-rr83.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 40.1%
div-inv40.1%
exp-prod34.9%
add-sqr-sqrt3.0%
fabs-sqr3.0%
add-sqr-sqrt6.1%
add-sqr-sqrt6.1%
sqrt-unprod6.1%
sqr-neg6.1%
sqrt-unprod3.9%
add-sqr-sqrt62.9%
exp-prod78.4%
div-inv78.4%
distribute-frac-neg278.4%
exp-neg78.4%
add-sqr-sqrt40.9%
fabs-sqr40.9%
add-sqr-sqrt43.8%
Applied egg-rr43.8%
rec-exp43.8%
distribute-frac-neg43.8%
Simplified43.8%
Final simplification43.8%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 1.0 (+ s (* x_m (+ 1.0 (* (/ x_m s) 0.5))))) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (1.0f / (s + (x_m * (1.0f + ((x_m / s) * 0.5f))))) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (1.0e0 / (s + (x_m * (1.0e0 + ((x_m / s) * 0.5e0))))) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s + Float32(x_m * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(x_m / s) * Float32(0.5)))))) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (single(1.0) / (s + (x_m * (single(1.0) + ((x_m / s) * single(0.5)))))) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{s + x\_m \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x\_m}{s} \cdot 0.5\right)}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 94.9%
Applied egg-rr60.2%
unpow-160.2%
Simplified60.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 61.2%
Final simplification61.2%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 1.0 (* s (+ 1.0 (/ x_m s)))) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (1.0f / (s * (1.0f + (x_m / s)))) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (1.0e0 / (s * (1.0e0 + (x_m / s)))) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(x_m / s)))) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (single(1.0) / (s * (single(1.0) + (x_m / s)))) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{s \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x\_m}{s}\right)}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 94.9%
Applied egg-rr60.2%
unpow-160.2%
Simplified60.2%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 47.3%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 1.0 (+ x_m s)) 4.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return (1.0f / (x_m + s)) / 4.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = (1.0e0 / (x_m + s)) / 4.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(x_m + s)) / Float32(4.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = (single(1.0) / (x_m + s)) / single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{x\_m + s}}{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
+-commutative99.6%
mul-1-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac299.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 94.9%
Applied egg-rr60.2%
unpow-160.2%
Simplified60.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 26.4%
Final simplification26.4%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 s))
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return 0.25f / s;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 0.25e0 / s
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / s) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(0.25) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{0.25}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.5%
x_m = (fabs.f32 x) (FPCore (x_m s) :precision binary32 1.0)
x_m = fabs(x);
float code(float x_m, float s) {
return 1.0f;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(4) function code(x_m, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: x_m
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = 1.0e0
end function
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m, s) return Float32(1.0) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m, s) tmp = single(1.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
distribute-frac-neg299.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
+-commutative99.5%
fabs-neg99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Applied egg-rr83.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 40.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024096
(FPCore (x s)
:name "Logistic distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631))
(/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* (* s (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))))